posted 12 May 2005 16:14
Since 1995 I have done four articles on Colloidal Silver and I hope that my next one discussing newer claims and chemistry about silver hydrosol will be the last. I am posting an article I wrote for the Lyme Alliance in 1999.
What I did:
Since 1999 I personally tested over a dozen Colloidal silver preperations from over a dozen manufacturers ranging from 20 ppm to 1500 ppm.
In addition I went back and actually found and read the original articles listed as references used by these companies to promote their products. These articles went back as far as 1918, and I found that in almost every case these articles and references were usually misquoted, and misrepresented by today's modern manufacturers.
(See the 1936 Cosmopolitan article read into the Congressional record and later cited as a government study)
I tested the most common claim made by the sellers of colloidal silver:
CLAIM: That Colloidal Silver products kill 650 different pathogens.
Using the Kirby-Bauer method of bacterial sensitivity, I plated in two seperate studies over two dozen common pathogens on Nutrient agar, on slant tubes, or in thioglycolate broth.
I tested the CS products at Full Strength, and 1:10 and 1:100 dilutions. I tested against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, anaerobes and anaeorobic bacteria and against Candida albicans and trichophytan and mentagrophytes mold. (In each of the two experiments I used over 144 agar plates)
I tested against several forms of streptococcus, staphlococcus, and Klebsiella, pseudomonas, bacteroides, e-coli, haemophillus, clostridia difficile, C. perfringeens, and just about everything else that the lab had available in stock for common pathogens. I did not test Borrelia species as the lab was not equipped for this and did not stock BSK-II media.
I found across the board that at full strength no Colloidal Silver at any time ever had any significant inhibition of bacterial growth as compared to the control plates using antibiotic saturated paper disks.
Thinking that the nutrient agar might have soaked up the CS and inhibited the antisceptic effects of the CS; I transferred the cultures to nutrient broth and compared CS at full strength to normal tubes, and found no decrease in bacterial growth.
My Point: If the most import claim about CS isn't true and that in reality Colloidal Silvers are terrible anti-infective agents: Then are any of the claims that are made about colloidal silver by the sellers of these products true?
PS:
Silver salts are powerful antisceptics and can be irritating by their chemical activity, but suspended silver metal does not possess this antibacterial action that the powerful silver compounds like silver nitrate have. They do possess one similarity though and that is that the silver metal and silver ion both are absorbed by the body and poorly eliminated.
Also very recent claims that a slight negative charge by a single shared electron among silver atoms makes newer CS products more effective is ludicrous and the chemistry is ridiculous. Recent claims that a single electron shared for every 19 silver atoms orients hundreds of water molecules and acts as a solution is smoke and mirrors. Show it to a high school chemistry instructor and see what I mean!
Also the liver does not eliminate silver from the body unless the silver is coupled to an organic molecule or the silver is phagocytized by a white blood cell. The silver is absorbed by somatic body cells and stored in skin and other cells including in the liver.
Currently I am reading a Master's Thesis by a student doing her work on Colloidal Silver and have the work of a research pharmacist that corroborates my findings. My mind is made up about CS. Any positive effects are most likely due to wishful thinking and placebo effect. I have however seen first hand the negative effects of Colloidal Silver including Argyria.
The article which follows was written six years ago and I see little has changed from the sellers of these products. TG
==================================
Real Concerns About Colloidal Silver (2400 words)
By
Tom Grier
As with any chronic illness, when chronic Lyme patients don’t get better with traditional medicines, many will turn to alternative treatments. One of the most popular alternative treatments that Lyme patients have turned to is colloidal silver.
In the strictest sense colloidal silver is simply a suspension of silver metal particles so small that the slightest agitations will keep the microscopic particles in suspension. But recently many products containing silver salts and silver ions have also been sold under the designation of “colloidal silver”. Regardless of the accuracy of the label, any product containing silver in any form can potentially cause permanent side effects, and the claimed medical benefits touted for nearly a century as yet remain unproven.
One of the weaknesses of the human body is that it has very poor mechanisms for the elimination of most metals. Whether the metal is lead, mercury, silver or even iron our cells are not biologically equipped to scavenge these metals and efficiently ferry them out of our body. So the older we get, heavy metals including silver, tend to accumulate in our cells.
If a patient exceeds the amount of iron they need in their diet, iron will accumulate inside their cells and eventually cause cellular damage. Usually the accumulations will be in the heart and liver and if left untreated the condition will cause advanced heart disease and liver failure. This condition is called hemachromatosis. Although there is no cure for hemachromatosis, there is a fairly effective treatment. The patient must be bled weekly. The loss of blood depleats iron
Our only mechanism for eliminating iron in our body is through bleeding. The only consistent eliminination of iron from our bodies is menstration, and the natural sloughing of cells in our GI tract. This is why men have higher iron counts than menstruating woman.
Likewise when silver is taken into the body in any form, silver can and will accumulate in our cells. When the silver moves into our skin and forms organo-silver compounds, and silver salts, the condition is known as Argyria. Unfortunately Argyria is untreatable, unlike iron we cannot deplete silver stores by any known process including chelation!
The unseen problem with Argyria, is that once the process begins there is no stopping it. Unlike hemachromatosis which has a fairly effective treatment, there is no effective treatment for Argyria. Silver will continue to deposit in the skin for the rest of the patient’s life.
In a patient with Argyria, even the silver contained in old-fashioned eye drops and nose drops will continue to accumulate in the skin. What is so insidious about the process is that there may be no warning signs or symptoms that this process is happening. Things can be fine until one day a patient goes out into the sun and notices that their skin is ever so slightly ashen colored where they received the most sun. This subtle change in skin color will worsen with time and with subsequent exposures to the sun.
Many silver compounds are photo-sensitive. This is why silver salts are used in black and white film emulsions. When photographic paper is exposed to light, the white paper begins to turn gray. If the process isn’t stopped with powerful chemicals, the entire paper will turn black. This is caused by light energy hitting the silver-salt crystals and causing the silver metal to coalesce into metal deposits. Unfortunately the exact same process can happen in human skin, and the result can be bluish-gray splotches of skin!
What are the health benefits of Colloidal Silver?
The FDA as of September 16th, 1999 has ruled that most products sold as drugs containing silver will no longer be given safe and effective status. This means several currently available medicines including salves, ointments, crèmes, and colloids containing silver salts and or silver metal will no longer be given drug status and must be withdrawn from market. The reason was simply that the FDA could not find enough proof that their health claims were true and that the products’ benefits exceeded their risks. (See FDA reference)
This means any manufacturer of colloidal silver who makes any kind of medical claims for their products, are now subject to prosecution under the FDA federal guidelines of making unsubstantiated medical claims. If manufacturers want to make a medical claims for their products, and market it for a specific medical condition, the manufacturer must now submit a “New Drug Application” with the FDA, and prove both safety and efficacy of the product.
Silver containing product are still sold as food supplements, and as such fall under FTC guidelines of truth and accuracy in labeling, but no health claims are allowed under the current FDA or FTC laws. Any manufacturer including home marketed products can be held accountable if they make claims of treating any medical condition. (continued after FDA ruling on page 3)
FDA Ruling on Colloidal Silver Products
AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS.
ACTION: Final rule. http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/aces/aces140.html#frbrowse
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule
establishing that all over-the-counter (OTC) drug products containing
colloidal silver ingredients or silver
[[Page 44654]]
salts for internal or external use are not generally recognized as safe
and effective and are misbranded. FDA is issuing this final rule
because many OTC drug products containing colloidal silver ingredients
or silver salts are being marketed for numerous serious disease
conditions and FDA is not aware of any substantial scientific evidence
that supports the use of OTC colloidal silver ingredients or silver
salts for these disease conditions.
DATES: This regulation is effective September 16, 1999.
In the Federal Register of October 15, 1996 (61 FR 53685), FDA
published a proposed rule to declare that all OTC drug products
containing colloidal silver ingredients or silver salts are not
generally recognized as safe and effective, and are new drugs and
misbranded within the meaning of section 201(p) of the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) (21 U.S.C. 321(p)). Colloidal silver
is a suspension of silver particles in a colloidal base. In recent
years, colloidal silver preparations of unknown formulation have been
appearing in retail outlets. These products are labeled for numerous
disease conditions, many of which are serious diseases. The dosage form
of these colloidal silver products is usually oral, but product
labeling also contains directions for topical and, occasionally,
intravenous use.
FDA has not approved a new drug application (NDA) for any colloidal
silver product. None of the silver salts evaluated as part of FDA's OTC
drug review was found to be generally recognized as safe and effective
for its intended use(s). FDA is not aware of any substantial scientific
evidence that supports the use of OTC colloidal silver ingredients or
silver salts for disease conditions. The agency invited any interested
parties to collect and submit any existing data and information that
support the safety and effectiveness of colloidal silver ingredients or
silver salts for any of the uses not already evaluated under the OTC
drug review. Interested persons were invited to submit written comments
on the proposed regulation and on the agency's economic impact
determination by January 13, 1997.
(Story Continued from page 2)
What are the anecdotal claims of Colloidal Silver?
In over a dozen articles in the lay press touting the benefits of colloidal silver, the same claims are made over and over. Most repeat the same identical references, and most use the same explanations of action. Most of the claims made by colloidal silver manufacturers and distributors are similar to these claims that were made by the KAIRE Corporation which was a multi level sales organization that specialized in the sales of health supplements. This is an excerpt from their literature before they disbanded their sales organization.
Our colloidal silver contains 99.99% pure silver particles suspended indefinitely in demineralized water that kills bacteria and viruses. It can be applied topically and/or absorbed into the blood stream sub-lingually (under the tongue), thereby avoiding the negative effects of traditional antibiotics that kill good bacteria in the lower digestive tract.
An all natural antibiotic alternative in the purest form available. The presence of colloidal silver near a virus, fungi, bacterium or any other single celled pathogen disables its oxygen-metabolism enzyme, its chemical lung, so to say. The pathogens suffocates and dies, and is cleared out of the body by the immune, lymphatic and elimination systems.
Unlike pharmaceutical antibiotics which destroy beneficial enzymes, colloidal silver leaves these beneficial enzymes intact. Thus colloidal silver is absolutely safe for humans, reptiles, plants and all multi-celled living matter.
It is impossible for single-celled germs to mutate into silver-resistant forms, as happens with conventional antibiotics. Also, colloidal silver cannot interact or interfere with other medicines being taken. Colloidal silver is truly a safe, natural remedy for many of mankind's ills. Colloidal silver can be taken indefinitely because the body does not develop a tolerance to it
Now let me address some of these claims:
1) CLAIM: The claim of being 99.99 % pure might be true for some products, but not for those people making colloidal silver in their homes with a machine that claims to make colloidal minerals out of old jewelry. REALITY: When these home brewed preparations were tested more than 20 % were contaminated with other metals and bacteria. This machine can be purchased for under $100 and is found advertised in many magazines like “Mother Earth News” and in entrepreneurial mailings that have headlines like: “Amazing New Medical Marvel Creates Antibiotics right from your own jewelry! Make Thousands of Dollars a Month!”
2) CLAIM: Sub-lingual absorption avoids any adverse GI tract effects. REALITY: Colloidal silver is an ineffective antiseptic and so no adverse reactions occur because not enough gut bacteria dies to cause any problems. No one has ever submitted any sub-lingual absorption data, and I talked directly to several manufacturers who made this claim including the president of KAIRE Bob Richards only to find that this was a completely unsupported statement.
3) CLAIM: Colloidal silver suffocates over 650 kinds of viruses, bacteria, mycoplasms, yeast and fungi by blocking the oxygen carrying enzyme systems. REALITY: Viruses don’t even have enzyme systems! No such mechanism has ever been discovered, and it simply isn’t true. I tested over a dozen colloidal silver preparations on over a dozen pathogens and found virtually zero effectiveness in killing any bacteria including anaerobes, gram-pos organisms, gram-neg organisms, Candida yeast, and GI tract e-coli bacteria. Colloidal silver at full strength had negligible effects on every bacteria and yeast tested.
Silver compounds like silver nitrate are caustic and do kill bacteria. In fact they actually burn the skin, but this is not the same as colloidal silver and most of these silver compounds are now restricted by the same 1999 FDA ruling that affects colloidal compounds. They have been withdrawn from market because their unproven benefits do not outweigh the risks.
4) CLAIM: Our colloidal silver won’t accumulate in the skin because it has an ionic charge, or it is too small, or it is neutral or it is protected by mild silver protein. REALITY: All forms of silver accumulate in the human body, and any form of silver if absorbed will accumulate inside cells including the skin. In fact normal adults will continue to accumulate silver in their skin throughout their life from just eating a normal diet. (See reference to 70 cases of Argyria)
There are many people selling colloidal silver based on anecdotal claims of effectiveness. I won’t discount these anecdotal claims except to say that they are unsubstantiated by any reputable research. The references used to support colloidal silver effectiveness are so repeatedly misquoted and misused that they often lack any resemblance to the original articles. I would urge anyone who wants to pursue colloidal silver therapy to go back and read the original articles and see how misquoted they are. Take for example a quote that is repeatedly used to support the idea that the government admits that our food supply is devoid of therapeutic levels of vitamins and minerals.
[Erosion and unwise farming methods] have led to mineral-depleted soils resulting in mineral-deficient plants, livestock, and people . . . . .the alarming fact is that food now being raised on millions of acres of land that no longer contain enough of certain minerals are starving us -- no matter how much of them we eat. No man of today can eat enough fruits and vegetables to supply his system with the minerals he requires for perfect health because his stomach isn't big enough to hold them. . . . Laboratory tests prove that the fruit, vegetables, grains, eggs, and even the milk and meats of today are not what they were a few generations ago. . . . It is bad news to learn from our leading authorities that 99% of the American people are deficient in these minerals [74th Congress, 2nd Session, 1936].
The cited quotation as taken from a promotional tape called “Dead Doctors Don’t Lie” and it is a genuine quote from the 1936 Congressional session, but it did not as colloidal mineral promoters usually imply, arise from a government research study. In fact, it is merely a reprint of a baseless opinion piece that originally appeared in the June 1936 issue of Cosmopolitan magazine and was placed into the Congressional record by a Florida senator. A magazine article that was essentially an advertisement for vitamins was read into the record, and is now quoted as being a government study.
If you back far enough and dig hard enough, virtually all of the other references that are used to support colloidal silvers health benefits are eventually found to be without any sound scientific merit. Including the often referenced sensationalized article in the March 1978 “Science Digest” which was written like a science fiction story based on completely erroneous research.
Time and space prevent me from going on but I feel strongly that colloidal silver is at best worthless, and at worse capable of causing permanent skin discoloration. Before you believe the claims of the individuals selling these products, please read Rosemary Jacob’s complete story on her experience with argyria and the battle that she has had in getting to the truth about colloidal silver and other silver containing nostrums.
If we are to learn anything from history it should be not to repeat our mistakes! In the 1930s many people believed what was written in magazines about popular cures and products, and profiteers used the people’s willingness to believe to sell worthless and often dangerous products.
Today much of the medical misinformation being distributed, is being distributed on the Internet and by anecdotal personal testimonies being propagated by multi-level sales organizations. Unfortunately it is becoming harder and harder to separate junk science from credible research, but every major claim I have investigated about Colloidal Silver has been false and misleading. Colloidal Silver is not a very effective antibacterial agent, and it can turn your skin a permanent blotchy gray color. Any medical claims made by manufacturers is now subject to FDA investigations.
References:
Abdulla M and others. Trace element requirements, intake and recommendations. In Prasad AS, editor. Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease: An Update. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1993, pp 311-328.
Bryant BL: Argyria resulting from intranasal medication. Arch Otolaryngol
31:127-139,1940. p. 127-139
Harker JM, Hunter D: Occupational Argyria British J Derm & Syph Nov. 1935 p.442,445,446.
Collosols - British Colloids Limited, JAMA 78:674-675, March 4, 1922. p. 674-675. .
"Collosols": an uncritical English endorsement JAMA Oct. 18, 1919, p. 1218.
Colloidal minerals National Council Against Health Fraud Newsletter, Jan/Feb 1997.
FDA. Final rule: Over-the-counter drug products containing colloidal silver ingredients or silver salts. Federal Register 64:44653-44658, 1999
Federal Register 61:53685-53688, 1996
Fung MC, Bowen DL: Silver Products for Medicinal Indications: Risk - Benefit Assessment Clinical Toxicology, 34(l), 119-126(1996), p. 120.
Fung MC, Weintraub M, Bowen DL: Colloidal silver proteins marketed as health supplements (letter) JAMA 1995 Oct 18:274(15):1196-7.
Gaul LE, Staud AH: Seventy cases of generalized argyria following organic and colloidal silver medication, including biospectrometric analysis of ten cases.
AMA 104:1387-1390,1935.
Goodman LS, Gihnan A: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th edition. New York: MacMillan, 1975:930-931, 999-1000.
Harker JM, Hunter D: Occupational Argyria British J Derm & Syphil Nov. 1935 p. 441-455.
Hartman Rj: Colloid Chemistry lst edition, Baltimore, Nhfflin, 1939, p. 536.
Hill VVR, Pillsbury DM: Argyria: The Pharmacology of Silver, Baltimore, Md. Williams & Wilkins Co, 1939. p. 26,85, 95,128-132
Hill WR, Montgomery H: Argyria Arch Derm Syphil 1941;44:588-99.
Levine SA, Smith JA: Argyria confused with heart disease. N Eng I Med
226:682-684,1942, p. 682.
Marshall CR, Killoh GB: The Bactericidal Action of Collosols of Silver & Mecury
Oehme FW, editor. Toxicity of Heavy Metals in the Environment, New York: Marcel Dekker, 1979.
Puckner WA: Collosol preparations Report of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry. JAMA June 7, 1919, p. 1694.
Roe AL, Collosol argentum and its ophthalmic uses. British Med J. Jan. 16, 1915, p. 104.
Science Digest March 1978 – 57-60 “Our Mightiest Germ Fighter!”
Stillians AW: Argyria. Arch Dermatol 35:67-77,1937.
Trace Elements in Human Nutrition and Health. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1996
Wallach J. Dead Doctors Don't Lie! Audiotape, 1995