Overlooked Infections Associated with Lyme Disease
Lyme disease, once considered a rare and easily treated ailment, is
actually a complex infectious disease which can progress to a chronic
state and seriously affect even the most healthy individuals and their
pets. The discovery of multiple strains of Borrelia spirochetes (over 300
to date), coupled with the fact that at least three different forms of
spirochetes have been documented (spirochetal, spheroplast, and cystic
form), is merely the underlying foundation of the comprehensive
infectious soup currently referred to as `Lyme disease'.
To complicate the Lyme picture there are a growing number of tick
borne infections such as Bartonella (trench fever, cat scratch fever),
Babesiosis (WA-1, microti), Ehrlichiosis (HGE, HME), Rocky Mountain
Spotted Fever, STARI, Tularemia (rabbit fever), Brucelliosis,
Leptospirosis, and Mycoplasmas which have been detected in patients
with Lyme disease. All too often these infections are being overlooked
or subsequently misdiagnosed and not treated properly.
The CDC warns, ``early diagnosis and proper antibiotic treatment of Lyme disease
are important strategies to avoid the costs and complications of infection
and late-stage illness.''
These tick borne infections have the ability to destroy the brain, the
peripheral nervous system, and the musculoskeletal system. They may
also cause a variety of dermatological, pulmonary, gynecological,
endocrinological, and urological manifestations and are known to cause
life threatening cardiac abnormalities. Without prompt and aggressive
treatment they may lead to a significant degree of immune suppression
and/or death.
If you have been diagnosed with, or even suspect you may have Lyme
disease, it would be to your advantage to locate a competent practitioner
who is extremely familiar with updated testing procedures, clinical
diagnoses, and treating Lyme and the associated co-infections.
Unfortunately, many of the local university, hospital, and commercial
labs are unable to perform the definitive tests required to detect newly
discovered strains or forms of bacteria and the variety of co-infections
which exist in Maryland.
Many people are, therefore, not being tested
or treated.
The CDC states that Lyme disease is, ``greatly under reported.''
Education and prevention are essential to reduce the growing numbers
of cases of tick borne illnesses.
Listed below are a few of the more
common co-infections associated with Lyme disease which are epidemic
in Maryland.
Tick borne co-infections associated with Lyme disease-
Babesiosis:
The parasite that causes Babesiosis destroys red blood cells and causes a
malaria-like illness which is potentially fatal. It is characterized by
fever, chills, sweats, muscle pains, breathing difficulties, headaches, and
malaise. Patients may also experience episodes of depression, dizziness,
vomiting, bleeding tendencies, dark colored urine, anemia, bruising,
pulmonary edema, anorexia, and encephalopathy.
Treatment: A combination of Atovaquone and Zithromax or Baixin is
currently being used to treat the disease. This combination has less
potential side effects than quinine and clindamyacin. Re-treatment or
long term treatment is often needed in long-standing cases.
Bartonella:
Bartonella quintana and Bartonella henselae are bacterial infections
which can cause fatigue, restlessness, myalgias, encephalopathy, liver or
spleen involvement, abdominal pain, hepatitis, seizures (mild to severe),
headaches, cognitive dysfunction, red splotches or slightly raised red
spots, subcutaneous nodules, softening of bone, radiculitis, transverse
myelitis, arthritis, polyneuropathy, endocarditis, cardiomegaly, and an
array of eye problems such as conjunctivitis, neuroretinitis, and a loss of
vision. If not treated properly it can become chronic and difficult to
eradicate.
Treatment: There is no set treatment protocol that works in all
patients. Antibiotics, such as Doxycycline, Rifampin, Ciprofloxacin, or
a combination of antibiotics have been used with varying degrees of
success.
Ehrlichia:
Ehrlichia HME or HGE (rickettsial diseases related to RMSF) may be
fatal, however, milder chronic forms do exist. Headaches, fever, chills,
myalgias, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and cough are some of the more
prominent symptoms.
Treatment: Doxycycline is often used to treat Ehrlichia infections.
Doses may need to be increased or extended due to the severity or
duration of the illness and co-infections involved.
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever:
RMSF is a rickettsial disease normally presenting with a sudden onset
of fever, chills, fatigue, muscle pain, headaches, and conjunctivitis. A
spotted rash may appear on the hands and feet in about 50% of cases.
Delay in treatment may result in death or a chronic illness which can
affect the brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs, kidneys, or liver. Chronic
cases of RMSF may also cause a loss of bladder or bowel control, blood
clotting problems, partial paralysis, hearing loss, congestive heart
failure, movement disorders, and respiratory distress syndrome. The
fatality rate can reach 20% in untreated cases.
Treatment: The most common treatment for RMSF is Doxycycline,
which should be started immediately if this disease is suspected.
Note- Ask your doctor about other tick borne diseases and viruses
including STARI, Tularemia, Brucelliosis, Anaplasmas, Leptospirosis,
and Mycoplasmas.