We have earlier shown that Borrelia burgdorferi-infected and ceftriaxone-treated mice have viable spirochetes in their body, since immunosuppressive treatment allows B. burgdorferi to be detected by culture.
However, the niche of the persisting spirochetes remained unknown.
In the present study, we analyzed the tissues of B. burgdorferi-infected and ceftriaxone-treated mice by culture and PCR to reveal the foci of persisting spirochetes.
C3H/HeN mice were infected via intradermal needle injection with B. burgdorferi s.s. N40.
The mice were treated as follows: (i) short (5 days) and (ii) long (18 days) course of ceftriaxone at 2 weeks of infection and killed after either 10 or 30 weeks, or (iii) the mice received ceftriaxone for 5 days at 18 weeks of infection and were killed 21 weeks after the treatment.
All samples of ceftriaxone-treated mice were culture negative, whereas all untreated controls were culture positive.
Importantly, B. burgdorferi DNA was detected in the joints of 30-100% of the treated mice.
In conclusion, these results combined with earlier results suggest that the joint or a tissue adjacent to the joint is the niche of persisting B. burgdorferi in ceftriaxone-treated mice. --------------- http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/123572110/abstract Significant differences between the Borrelia-infection and Borrelia-vaccination and -infection models of Lyme arthritis in C3H/HeN mice
The immunological events leading to the development of Lyme arthritis in humans are partially understood.
Much of this information has been gained by studying the course of infection of na�ve or vaccinated mice with Borrelia burgdorferi.
However, the Borrelia-vaccination and -infection model has not been described using the organismal parameters commonly used in the widely accepted Borrelia-infection model.
This is the first comparison between the Borrelia-infection and the Borrelia-vaccination and -infection models of arthritis.
Borrelia-vaccinated and -infected C3H/HeN mice develop acute inflammation comparable to that of nonvaccinated, Borrelia-infected C3H/HeN mice.
The duration and severity of arthritis in Borrelia-vaccinated and -infected mice was slightly increased compared with Borrelia-infected mice.
Significantly, Borrelia-vaccinated and -infected C3H/HeN mice produce interleukin-17 (IL-17), while Borrelia-infected mice that had not been previously vaccinated do not.
Neutralization of IL-17 in Borrelia-vaccinated and -infected C3H/HeN mice decreased the severity of arthritis, although not to the degree we observed previously in C57BL/6 mice.
Collectively, these findings show that the Borrelia-vaccination and -infection model of Lyme arthritis incorporates elements of adaptive immunity that likely have relevance to human disease, but may not be observed in Borrelia-infected C3H/HeN mice. ---------------------- The time should come soon when all outdated findings will be thrown in the history pile and doctors will get onboard to help. ---- Do You want to be left with the ketes in your body to come back to bite you later---Or do you want to treat until gone and get your life ...back.
Yoda said, ``Do, or do not, there is no try.''
The time for quoting outdated research and treatments should now be over!!!! It is time to teach the doctors how to treat it right and how to get patients well.
Thanks for posting the articles Rick from Lymeinfo@Yahoogroups.
Posted by Pinelady (Member # 18524) on :
The NIH is right----they cannot keep up.
Posted by D Bergy (Member # 9984) on :
I can personally verify the difficulty of killing this joint borne borrelia.
You can clear the soft tissue areas much easier than the joints. In particular the spine and ankles.
I am glad this research was done to confirm my own experience. Although I have learned to trust my own experience concerning this disease.
Thanks for bringing it here for us to see.
Dan
Posted by Pinelady (Member # 18524) on :
Oh Dan can you imagine one day of a test just for joint fluid to see if its there?
Posted by D Bergy (Member # 9984) on :
I think that already exists, at least that is what the person told me when I called him. My wife was not willing to provide a sample of synovial fluid, and I did not doubt that she had Lyme. It was redundant in our case, since I am the person treating her.
I think it was for this test. If it is not an early infection, they need synovial fluid from an inflamed joint to detect the Lyme. That is what I was told a couple of months ago. How accurate is it? I have no idea. I have little faith in testing for pathogens.