CaliforniaLyme
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1: Ann Rheum Dis. 1992 Jan;51(1):128-9.
Efficacy of cod liver oil as an adjunct to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment in the management of osteoarthritis in general practice.
Stammers T, Sibbald B, Freeling P. Department of General Practice and Primary Care, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
A double blind, placebo controlled trial was carried out to assess the efficacy of cod liver oil as an adjunct treatment to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the management of osteoarthritis in general practice.
Eighty six patients were given 10 ml of either cod liver oil or olive oil placebo daily as a supplement to their regular NSAID treatment for 24 weeks.
Patients were assessed by their general practitioner at four week intervals for joint pain/inflammation, overall interference with activities, and unwanted effects of treatment.
Patients recorded on visual analogue scales their daily pain and the extent to which arthritis interfered with everyday activities.
There was no significant benefit for the patients taking cod liver oil compared with those taking placebo.
PMID: 1540019
-------------------- There is no wealth but life. -John Ruskin
All truth goes through 3 stages: first it is ridiculed: then it is violently opposed: finally it is accepted as self evident. - Schopenhauer Posts: 5639 | From Aptos CA USA | Registered: Apr 2005
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CaliforniaLyme
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BUT look at THIS*)!!!! Amazing! **************************************
1: Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Dec;78(6):1128-34.
Use of cod liver oil during the first year of life is associated with lower risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: a large, population-based, case-control study.
Stene LC, Joner G; Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Study Group.Diabetes Research Centre, Aker and Ullev�l University Hospitals, Department of Paediatrics, Ullev�l University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. [email protected]
BACKGROUND: In Norway, cod liver oil is an important source of dietary vitamin D and the long-chain n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, all of which have biological properties of potential relevance for the prevention of type 1 diabetes.
OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to investigate whether the use of dietary cod liver oil or other vitamin D supplements, either by the mother during pregnancy or by the child during the first year of life, is associated with a lower risk of type 1 diabetes among children.
DESIGN: We designed a nationwide case-control study in Norway with 545 cases of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes and 1668 population control subjects.
Families were contacted by mail, and they completed a questionnaire on the frequency of use of cod liver oil and other vitamin D supplements and other relevant factors.
RESULTS: Use of cod liver oil in the first year of life was associated with a significantly lower risk of type 1 diabetes.
Use of other vitamin D supplements during the first year of life and maternal use of cod liver oil or other vitamin D supplements during pregnancy were not associated with type 1 diabetes.
CONCLUSION: Cod liver oil may reduce the risk of type 1 diabetes, perhaps through the antiinflammatory effects of long-chain n-3 fatty acids.
PMID: 14668274
-------------------- There is no wealth but life. -John Ruskin
All truth goes through 3 stages: first it is ridiculed: then it is violently opposed: finally it is accepted as self evident. - Schopenhauer Posts: 5639 | From Aptos CA USA | Registered: Apr 2005
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CaliforniaLyme
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Beneficial effect of dietary fish-oil is independent of the infection site.
Thors VS, Thorn�risd�ttir A, Erlendsd�ttir H, Har�ard�ttir I, Einarsson I, Sigur�sson JR, Gu�mundsson S, Gunnarsson E, Haraldsson A. Children's Hospital, Landspitali University Hospital, Hringbraut, 101 Reykjav�k, Iceland. [email protected].
Objective: Fish-oil enriched diet has a protective effect on experimental animals infected intramuscularly with Klebsiella pneumoniae.
It also has beneficial effect in several other diseases, including autoimmune disorders.
The pathophysiological effects of dietary fish-oil have still not been revealed although it is expected to influence the immune response.
We have previously shown that dietary fish-oil has beneficial effect in mice infected intramuscularly with Klebsiella pneumoniae.
If the beneficial effect of dietary fish-oil is due to influence on the immune response it should be independent of the infection site.
We therefore investigated whether dietary fish-oil has beneficial effect in intrapulmonary infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae as it has on intramuscular infection with the same bacteria.
Materials and methods: Sixty NMRI mice were fed diets enriched with fish-oil (30 mice) or corn-oil (30 mice) for six weeks.
The mice were then infected in the lungs with Klebsiella pneumoniae and the survival was monitored.
The experiment was performed twice.
The results were compared to our earlier results with intramuscular infections.
Results: The survival of the mice fed the fish-oil enriched diet and infected in the lungs with Klebsiella pneumoniae was significantly better compared to the survival of mice fed the corn-oil enriched diet in both experiments.
These results are similar to our earlier findings when the mice were infected intramuscularly.
Conclusions: These results indicate that the beneficial effect of dietary fish-oil on infection is independent of the site of infection.
These results are in accordance with the hypothesis that dietary fish-oil influences the immune response.
PMID: 16940656
-------------------- There is no wealth but life. -John Ruskin
All truth goes through 3 stages: first it is ridiculed: then it is violently opposed: finally it is accepted as self evident. - Schopenhauer Posts: 5639 | From Aptos CA USA | Registered: Apr 2005
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CaliforniaLyme
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WOW- VERY good stuff*)!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ************************************************* 1: J Affect Disord. 2007 Aug;101(1-3):245-9.
Associations between cod liver oil use and symptoms of depression: the Hordaland Health Study.
Raeder MB, Steen VM, Vollset SE, Bjelland I. Dr. Einar Martens' Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Helse Bergen HF, N-5021 Bergen, Norway. [email protected]
BACKGROUND: Clinical trials suggest that omega-3 fatty acids improve the outcome of depression.
This study aimed to evaluate the association between intake of cod liver oil, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, and high levels of symptoms of depression and anxiety in the general population.
METHODS: We used data from the "The Hordaland Health Study '97-'99" (HUSK), a population based cross-sectional health survey from Norway including 21,835 subjects aged 40-49 and 70-74 years.
Symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured by The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).
We used logistic regression to study associations.
RESULTS: Among the participants, 8.9% used cod liver oil daily.
A total of 3.6% had high levels of depressive symptoms.
The prevalence of such depressive symptoms among the subjects who used cod liver oil daily was 2.5%, as compared to 3.8% in the rest of the population.
The users of cod liver oil were significantly less likely to have depressive symptoms than non-users after adjusting for multiple possible confounding factors.
These factors included age, gender, smoking habits, coffee consumption, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and education.
In addition, we found that the prevalence of high levels of depressive symptoms decreased with increasing duration (0-12 months) of cod liver oil use.
We were only able to study this latter association in a subset of the population aged 40-46 years.
LIMITATIONS: Data are cross sectional.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that regular use of cod liver oil is negatively associated with high levels of depressive symptoms in the general population.
PMID: 17184843
-------------------- There is no wealth but life. -John Ruskin
All truth goes through 3 stages: first it is ridiculed: then it is violently opposed: finally it is accepted as self evident. - Schopenhauer Posts: 5639 | From Aptos CA USA | Registered: Apr 2005
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CaliforniaLyme
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So cod liver oil is great- UNLESS you are pregnant- avoid it!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ******************************************** 1: BJOG. 2006 Mar;113(3):301-9. Links
Relationship between high consumption of marine fatty acids in early pregnancy and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.
Olafsdottir AS, Skuladottir GV, Thorsdottir I, Hauksson A, Thorgeirsdottir H, Steingrimsdottir L.Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali-University Hospital & Department of Food Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there is a relationship between maternal intake of cod-liver oil in early and late pregnancy and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.
DESIGN: An observational prospective study.
SETTING: Free-living conditions in a community with traditional fish and cod-liver oil consumption.
POPULATION: Four hundred and eighty-eight low-risk pregnant Icelandic women.
METHODS: Maternal use of cod-liver oil, foods and other supplements was estimated with a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire covering food intake together with lifestyle factors for the previous 3 months.
Questionnaires were filled out twice, between 11 and 15 weeks of gestation and between 34 and 37 weeks of gestation.
Supplements related to hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, i.e. gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia, were presented, with logistic regression controlling for potential confounding.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, cod-liver oil and multivitamins.
RESULTS: The odds ratio for developing hypertensive disorders in pregnancy for women consuming liquid cod-liver oil was 4.7, after adjusting for confounding factors.
By dividing the amount of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) into centiles, the odds ratio for hypertensive disorders across groups for n-3 LCPUFA suggested a u-shaped curve.
Similar results were found for gestational hypertension alone.
Further, the use of multivitamin supplements without vitamins A and D in late pregnancy doubled the odds of hypertensive disorders.
CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of high doses of n-3 LCPUFA in early pregnancy, or other nutrients found in liquid cod-liver oil, may increase the risk of developing hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.
PMID: 16487202
-------------------- There is no wealth but life. -John Ruskin
All truth goes through 3 stages: first it is ridiculed: then it is violently opposed: finally it is accepted as self evident. - Schopenhauer Posts: 5639 | From Aptos CA USA | Registered: Apr 2005
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Greatcod
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I think I speak for all cod when I say that I find the medicinal use of our liver oil obscene.
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CaliforniaLyme
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Sorry, greatC, wasn't thinking with my heart*)!!!
-------------------- There is no wealth but life. -John Ruskin
All truth goes through 3 stages: first it is ridiculed: then it is violently opposed: finally it is accepted as self evident. - Schopenhauer Posts: 5639 | From Aptos CA USA | Registered: Apr 2005
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oxygenbabe
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Unfortunately as far as I can tell from my research you can't get real cod liver oil I wish you could.
You get oils stripped of everything natural and synthetic Vit A and Vit D added back in. Even "blue ice" and the fancy ones.
So why bother. Just take some Vit A and Vit D.
I wish I could find some genuine stuff.
Posts: 2276 | From united states | Registered: Jun 2004
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luvs2ride
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The double blind study using olive oil as the placebo is puzzling since olive oil is known to reduce inflammation with rheumatoid arthritis. Perhaps both the cod liver and the olive oil were working equally well?
-------------------- When the Power of Love overcomes the Love of Power, there will be Peace. Posts: 3038 | From america | Registered: Oct 2005
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CaliforniaLyme
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GOOD POINT Luvs!!! I didn't know that- but looked it up and you are right! Wow!! And look at this- now we have to ask- soy oil??? !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! *********************************************** 1: Nutrition. 2005 Feb;21(2):131-6. Links
Supplementation of fish oil and olive oil in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Berbert AA, Kondo CR, Almendra CL, Matsuo T, Dichi I.Department of Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Paran�, Brazil.
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated whether supplementation with olive oil could improve clinical and laboratory parameters of disease activity in patients who had rheumatoid arthritis and were using fish oil supplements.
METHODS: Forty-three patients (34 female, 9 male; mean age = 49 +/- 19y) were investigated in a parallel randomized design.
Patients were assigned to one of three groups. In addition to their usual medication, the first group (G1) received placebo (soy oil), the second group (G2) received fish oil omega-3 fatty acids (3 g/d), and the third group (G3) received fish oil omega-3 fatty acids (3 g/d) and 9.6 mL of olive oil.
Disease activity was measured by clinical and laboratory indicators at the beginning of the study and after 12 and 24 wk. Patients' satisfaction in activities of daily living was also measured.
RESULTS: There was a statistically significant improvement in G2 and G3 in relation to G1 with respect to joint pain intensity, right and left handgrip strength after 12 and 24 wk, duration of morning stiffness, onset of fatigue, Ritchie's articular index for pain joints after 24 wk, ability to bend down to pick up clothing from the floor, and getting in and out of a car after 24 wk. G3, but not G2, in relation to G1 showed additional improvements with respect to duration of morning stiffness after 12 wk, patient global assessment after 12 and 24 wk, ability to turn faucets on and off after 24 wk, and rheumatoid factor after 24 wk.
In addition, G3 showed a significant improvement in patient global assessment in relation to G2 after 12 wk.
CONCLUSIONS: Ingestion of fish oil omega-3 fatty acids relieved several clinical parameters used in the present study.
However, patients showed a more precocious and accentuated improvement when fish oil supplements were used in combination with olive oil.
PMID: 15723739
-------------------- There is no wealth but life. -John Ruskin
All truth goes through 3 stages: first it is ridiculed: then it is violently opposed: finally it is accepted as self evident. - Schopenhauer Posts: 5639 | From Aptos CA USA | Registered: Apr 2005
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