Spielman A, Wilson ML, Levine JF, Piesman J. Ecology of Ixodes dammini-borne human babesiosis and Lyme disease. Annu Rev Entomol 1985;30:439-60. Telford SR III, Dawson JE, Katavolos P, Warner CK, Kolbert CP, Persing DH. Perpetuation of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in a deer tick-rodent cycle. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1996;93:6209-14. Telford SR III, Dawson JE, Halupka K. Emergence of tickborne diseases. Science and Medicine 1997;4:24-33. Spielman A, Clifford CM, Piesman J, Corwin MD. Human babesiosis on Nantucket Island, USA: description of the vector, Ixodes (Ixodes) dammini, n.sp. (Acarina:Ixodidae). J Med Entomol 1979;15:218-34. Oliver JH, Owsley M, Hutcheson HJ, James AM, Chen C, Irby WS, et al. Conspecificity of the ticks Ixodes scapularis and I. dammini (Acari:Ixodidae). J Med Entomol 1993;30:54-63. Marshall WF, Telford SR III, Rhys PN, Rutledge BJ, Mathiesen D, Spielman A, et al. Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in museum specimens of Peromyscus leucopus. J Infect Dis 1994;170:1027-32. Aeschlimann A, Burgdorfer W, Matile W, Peter O, Wyler R. Aspects nouveux du role de vecteur joue par Ixodes ricinus L. Acta Trop 1979;36:181-91. Piesman J, Mather TN, Donahue JG, Levine JF, Campbell JD, Karakashian SJ, et al. Comparative prevalence of Babesia microti and Borrelia burgdorferi in four populations of Ixodes dammini in eastern Massachusetts. Acta Trop 1984;43:263-70. Mandl CW, Heinz FX, Stockl E, Kunz C. Genome sequence of tickborne encephalitis virus (western subtype) and comparative analysis of nonstructural proteins with other flaviviruses. Virology 1989;173:291-301. Donahue JG, Piesman J, Spielman A. Reservoir competence of white-footed mice for Lyme disease spirochetes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1987;36:92-6. Artsob H. Powassan encephalitis. In: Monath TP, Editor. The arboviruses: epidemiology and ecology, Volume IV. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 1989;29-49. Costero A, Grayson MA. Experimental transmission of Powassan virus (Flaviviridae) by Ixodes scapularis ticks (Acari:Ixodidae). Am J Trop Med Hyg 1996;55:536-46. Spencer RR, Parker RR. Rocky Mountain spotted fever: infectivity of fasting and recently fed ticks. Public Health Rep 1923;38:333-9. Jones LD, Davies CR, Steele GM, Nuttall PA. A novel mode of arbovirus transmission involving a non-viraemic host. Science 1987;237:775-7. Lillie RD. Histopathologic technique. Philadelphia: The Blakiston Company, 1948. Wolman M. On the absence of desoxyribonucleic acid from some chemically induced cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions, with reference to a special type of false positive staining by Feulgen's nuclear technique. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 1954;68:159-63. Kasten FH. The chemistry of Schiff's reagent. Int Rev Cytol 1960;10:1-100. Grinschgl G. Virus meningo-encephalitis in Austria. II. Clinical features, pathology, and diagnosis. Bull World Health Organ 1955;12:535-64. Zilber LA, Soloviev VD. Far Eastern tick-borne spring summer (spring) encephalitis. American Review of Soviet Medicine 1946;5:1-80. Deibel R, Flanagan TD, Smith V. Central nervous system infections. Etiologic and epidemiologic observations in New York State. NY State J Med 1977;77:1398-404. Gustafson R, Svenungsson B, Forsgren M, Gardulf A, Granstrom M. Two year survey of the incidence of Lyme borreliosis and tickborne encephalitis in a high-risk population in Sweden. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1992;11:894-900. Gresikova M, Calisher CH. Tick-borne encephalitis. In: Monath TP, editor. The arboviruses: epidemiology and ecology, Volume IV. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 1989;177-202. Steere AC, Malawista SE, Snydman DR, Shope RE, Andiman WA, Ross MR, et al. Lyme arthritis: an epidemic of oligoarticular arthritis in children and adults in three Connecticut communities. Arthritis Rheum 1977;20:7-17. Wallis RC, Brown SE, Kloter KO, Main AJ. Erythema chronicum migrans and Lyme arthritis: field study of ticks. Am J Epidemiol. 1978;108:322-7.
Its on the first link.
-------------------- Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. Remember Iam not a Doctor Just someone struggling like you with Tick Borne Diseases.
treepatrol
Honored Contributor (10K+ posts)
Member # 4117
posted
1: Dobson A, Cattadori I, Holt RD, Ostfeld RS, Keesing F, Krichbaum K, Rohr JR, Perkins SE, Hudson PJ. Sacred cows and sympathetic squirrels: the importance of biological diversity to human health. PLoS Med. 2006 Jun;3(6):e231. No abstract available. PMID: 16729846 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
2: Aberle JH, Aberle SW, Kofler RM, Mandl CW. Humoral and cellular immune response to RNA immunization with flavivirus replicons derived from tick-borne encephalitis virus. J Virol. 2005 Dec;79(24):15107-13. PMID: 16306582 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
3: Zajkowska JM, Izycka A, Jablonska E, Hermanowska-Szpakowicz T, Kondrusik M, Pancewicz S, Grygorczuk S, Swierzbinska R. [Serum and cerebrospinal concentrations of sICAM-1 sICAM-2, sICAM-3 in neuroborrellosis and tick borne encephalitis--preliminary report] Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2005 Aug;19(110):152-7. Polish. PMID: 16245421 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
4: Hoke CH Jr. History of U.S. military contributions to the study of viral encephalitis. Mil Med. 2005 Apr;170(4 Suppl):92-105. Review. PMID: 15916288 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
5: Suss J, Schrader C. [Tick-borne human pathogenic microorganisms found in Europe and those considered nonpathogenic. Part I: Ticks and Viruses] Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2004 Apr;47(4):392-404. Review. German. PMID: 15205783 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
6: Lessell S, Collins TE. Ophthalmoplegia in Powassan encephalitis. Neurology. 2003 May 27;60(10):1726-7. No abstract available. PMID: 12771287 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
7: Koraka P, Zeller H, Niedrig M, Osterhaus AD, Groen J. Reactivity of serum samples from patients with a flavivirus infection measured by immunofluorescence assay and ELISA. Microbes Infect. 2002 Oct;4(12):1209-15. PMID: 12467761 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
8: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Outbreak of Powassan encephalitis--Maine and Vermont, 1999-2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001 Sep 7;50(35):761-4. PMID: 11787585 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
9: [No authors listed] From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Outbreak of Powassan encephalitis--Maine and Vermont, 1999-2001. JAMA. 2001 Oct 24-31;286(16):1962-3. No abstract available. PMID: 11693145 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
10: Randolph SE. The shifting landscape of tick-borne zoonoses: tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme borreliosis in Europe. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2001 Jul 29;356(1411):1045-56. Review. PMID: 11516382 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
11: Sanchez JL Jr, Craig SC, Kohlhase K, Polyak C, Ludwig SL, Rumm PD. Health assessment of U.S. military personnel deployed to Bosnia-Herzegovina for operation joint endeavor. Mil Med. 2001 Jun;166(6):470-4. PMID: 11413721 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
12: Ebel GD, Campbell EN, Goethert HK, Spielman A, Telford SR 3rd. Enzootic transmission of deer tick virus in New England and Wisconsin sites. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000 Jul-Aug;63(1-2):36-42. PMID: 11357992 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
13: Wicki R, Sauter P, Mettler C, Natsch A, Enzler T, Pusterla N, Kuhnert P, Egli G, Bernasconi M, Lienhard R, Lutz H, Leutenegger CM. Swiss Army Survey in Switzerland to determine the prevalence of Francisella tularensis, members of the Ehrlichia phagocytophila genogroup, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and tick-borne encephalitis virus in ticks. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2000 Jun;19(6):427-32. PMID: 10947217 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
14: Craig SC, Pittman PR, Lewis TE, Rossi CA, Henchal EA, Kuschner RA, Martinez C, Kohlhase KF, Cuthie JC, Welch GE, Sanchez JL. An accelerated schedule for tick-borne encephalitis vaccine: the American Military experience in Bosnia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999 Dec;61(6):874-8. PMID: 10674662 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
15: Hunfeld KP, Allwinn R, Peters S, Kraiczy P, Brade V. Serologic evidence for tick-borne pathogens other than Borrelia burgdorferi (TOBB) in Lyme borreliosis patients from midwestern Germany. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1998 Dec 23;110(24):901-8. PMID: 10048174 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
16: Birmingham K. Pentagon breaks FDA rules. Nat Med. 1998 Mar;4(3):255. No abstract available. PMID: 9500582 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
17: Durden LA, McLean RG, Oliver JH Jr, Ubico SR, James AM. Ticks, Lyme disease spirochetes, trypanosomes, and antibody to encephalitis viruses in wild birds from coastal Georgia and South Carolina. J Parasitol. 1997 Dec;83(6):1178-82. PMID: 9406799 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
18: Nadelman RB, Strle F, Horowitz HW, Agger WA, Wormser GP. Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and Lyme borreliosis: is there an association? Clin Infect Dis. 1997 May;24(5):1027-9. No abstract available. PMID: 9142830 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
19: Zaki AM. Isolation of a flavivirus related to the tick-borne encephalitis complex from human cases in Saudi Arabia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1997 Mar-Apr;91(2):179-81. PMID: 9196762 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
20: Costero A, Grayson MA. Experimental transmission of Powassan virus (Flaviviridae) by Ixodes scapularis ticks (Acari:Ixodidae). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996 Nov;55(5):536-46. PMID: 8940987 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
-------------------- Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. Remember Iam not a Doctor Just someone struggling like you with Tick Borne Diseases.
Looks like no reports or studies of TBE virus in the USA.
If no labs test for TBE virus then how can the CDC say that it does not exist in the USA?
Does anyone else wonder if this virus is part of the lyme picture in the USA?
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treepatrol
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This apparently novel member of the TBE group of flavivirus is provisionally named deer tick virus (DTV). FRom: TBE group of flavivirus
-------------------- Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. Remember Iam not a Doctor Just someone struggling like you with Tick Borne Diseases.
Species Genus Flavivirus Tick-borne viruses Mammalian tick-borne virus group Gadgets Gully virus (GGYV) Kadam virus (KADV) Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV) Langat virus (LGTV) Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV) Powassan virus (POWV) Royal Farm virus (RFV) Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) Louping ill virus (LIV) Seabird tick-borne virus group Meaban virus (MEAV) Saumarez Reef virus (SREV) Tyuleniy virus (TYUV) Mosquito-borne viruses Aroa virus group Aroa virus (AROAV) Dengue virus group Dengue virus (DENV) Kedougou virus (KEDV) Japanese encephalitis virus group Cacipacore virus (CPCV) Koutango virus (KOUV) Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) Usutu virus (USUV) West Nile virus (WNV) Yaounde virus (YAOV) Kokobera virus group Kokobera virus (KOKV) Ntaya virus group Bagaza virus (BAGV) Ilheus virus (ILHV) Israel turkey meningoencephalomyelitis virus (ITV) Ntaya virus (NTAV) Tembusu virus (TMUV) Spondweni virus group Zika virus (ZIKV) Yellow fever virus group Banzi virus (BANV) Bouboui virus (BOUV) Edge Hill virus (EHV) Jugra virus (JUGV) Saboya virus (SABV) Sepik virus (SEPV) Uganda S virus (UGSV) Wesselsbron virus (WESSV) Yellow fever virus (YFV) Viruses with no known arthropod vector Entebbe virus group Entebbe bat virus (ENTV) Yokose virus (YOKV) Modoc virus group Apoi virus (APOIV) Cowbone Ridge virus (CRV) Jutiapa virus (JUTV) Modoc virus (MODV) Sal Vieja virus (SVV) San Perlita virus (SPV) Hepatitis C virus (HCV) Rio Bravo virus group Bukalasa bat virus (BBV) Carey Island virus (CIV) Dakar bat virus (DBV) Montana myotis leukoencephalitis virus (MMLV) Phnom Penh bat virus (PPBV) Rio Bravo virus (RBV) Flavivirus
-------------------- Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. Remember Iam not a Doctor Just someone struggling like you with Tick Borne Diseases.
caat
Frequent Contributor (1K+ posts)
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posted
Powasson and DTV are related to TBE. TBE is a species (or subspecies??) name AFAIK.
I've read a couple of sort of recent reports of both of these and some new varieties found in New Hampshire and ? maybe the midwest? They found them in ticks. I didn't save them but you can google for it. It's here- they're just not looking very closely. AFAIK only the CDC or research labs test for it.
A few years ago I did about a week of googling for info on them. There's more info now. I did find a really interesting historical account of whole villages being effected by some weird brain stuff that was eventually sometimes fatal- NOT rabies. Bad bad dementia. I think it was in the great lakes area in like the 1700's or 1800's. It seemed like some viral thing. It was a doctor's notes or letters. I found it looking for historical info unrelated to powasson I think. It made me think it had probley happened more than once...
Can you imagine how scarey that would be? Most of a village effected by something like that?
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caat
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oops! sorry. That link Treepatrol listed was it.
Yeah... that historical account sounded like it might have been one of those. Scarey scarey. What's it like in a milder case?
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CaliforniaLyme
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GotLyme, yup, Powassan and DTV, the Deer Tick Virus, both TBE family viruses. Powassan they have studied transmission time= tick attachment required- 15 minutes!!! Powassan is all across US including CA.
POW virus is a tickborne flavivirus most closely related to Russian spring summer and Central European encephalitis viruses.
Although understanding of the epidemiology of POW virus in the United States is limited, the virus appears to be widely distributed.
In North America, Ixodes cookei has been implicated as the principal tick vector, and virus has been recovered from several rodent and carnivore species, including the red squirrel, woodchucks, striped and spotted skunks, foxes, short- and long-tailed weasels, and the white-footed deer mouse. UNQUOTE
West Nile Virus is a flavivirus. ALSO California (CAL) serogroup encephalitis; St. Louis encephalitis (SLE); western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE); eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE); Powassan encephalitis (POW).
They have only found POWASSAN in 4 kinds of ticks-
Ixodes cookei (chipmunk tick)
Ixodes marxi (squirrel tick)
Ixodes spinipalpus
Dermacentor Andersoni (Rocky Mountain Wood Tick)
-------------------- There is no wealth but life. -John Ruskin
All truth goes through 3 stages: first it is ridiculed: then it is violently opposed: finally it is accepted as self evident. - Schopenhauer Posts: 5639 | From Aptos CA USA | Registered: Apr 2005
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CaliforniaLyme
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p.s. And I insisted on letting a family of skunks live under our house for SIX YEARS!!! I AM AN IDIOT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-------------------- There is no wealth but life. -John Ruskin
All truth goes through 3 stages: first it is ridiculed: then it is violently opposed: finally it is accepted as self evident. - Schopenhauer Posts: 5639 | From Aptos CA USA | Registered: Apr 2005
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