Marnie
Frequent Contributor (5K+ posts)
Member # 773
posted
IgG is an immunoglobulin that is present in normal blood and is the most numerous. This immunoglobulin can bind to many kinds of pathogens, for example viruses, bacteria, and fungi to fight against toxins. There are 4 subclasses:
IgG1 (66%),
IgG2 (23%),
IgG3 (7%)
and IgG4 (4%)
Heads up!
"Down-Regulation of IgE and IgG4 Antibodies
to Tetanus Toxoid and Diphtheria Toxoid by Covaccination with Cellular Bordetella pertussis Vaccine...
In summary, we found a strong ***suppressive effect*** of P vaccine on IgE and IgG4 formation against coadministered D and T Ags."
So what?
"absence of IgG4 or IgE antibodies recognizing OspA in... "
Unfortunately I could not open the entire file above...
But I will cut to the chase...
***IgG4 antibodies*** look to be paramount to mount the right immune defense against Bb...moreso than IgE.
Sooooo...while the DPT vaccine prevents the horrific life-threatening tetanus, diptheria and pertussis...
It may impact our ability to fight Bb because IgG4 antibodies look to be terribly important.
Just give IgG4 antibodies?
Naah...they are "unstable".
What exposure to what disease triggers IgG4 and IgE?
Research TB!
What happens if we don't have IgG4 ANTIBODIES?
"IgG4 as a Serological Marker of Autoimmune Pancreatitis"
In diseases that elevate IgG4 (hyper IgG4):
"Histology from all 12 patients showed, to varying degrees, fibrosis, intense inflammatory cell infiltration with lymphocytes, plasma cells, scattered neutrophils, and sometimes eosinophilic aggregates, with venulitis and obliterative arteritis."
"A LACK of IgG1 and IgG4 ANTIBODIES is related to toxic shock syndrome."
On the flip side...IgG1 and IgG4 ANTIBODIES are associated with food allergies, asthma, eczema, and ...
"TSHR *autoantibodies* were predominantly IgG1 and, surprisingly, IgG4."
Those antibodies ultimately *stimulate thyroid production*.
"Humanized IgG1 and IgG4
anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies:
effects on lymphocytes in the blood, lymph nodes, and renal allografts in cynomolgus monkeys."
"Pancreatic cancer with a high serum IgG4 concentration"
I could not open the above pdf.
I know 2 women who developed pancreatic cancer. The first, a neighbor...had a virus which looked to trigger that incurable form of cancer...very fast.
"the ligand (binding site of a protein) for mouse GITR (GITR-L) is constitutively expressed on
B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells
and that in vitro Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 or 9 stimulation transiently enhanced GITR-L expression, followed by their decline."
"Regulatory T cells can also induce the secretion of IgG4 from B cells as another arm of modulation"
"Regulatory T cells (sometimes known as suppressor T cells) are a specialized subpopulation of T cells that act to suppress activation of the immune system and thereby maintain immune system homeostasis and tolerance to self-antigens."
Cancer research (quite recent)...is using anti-GITR antibodies to fight cancer tumors...effectively:
"T cell stimulation via glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related protein (GITR) can evoke effective tumor immunity.
A single administration of agonistic anti-GITR monoclonal antibody (mAb) to tumor-bearing mice intravenously or directly into tumors provoked potent tumor-specific immunity and eradicated established tumors without eliciting overt autoimmune disease."
And now...
"Antibodies play a central role in immunity by forming an interface with the innate immune system and, typically, mediate proinflammatory activity.
We describe a novel posttranslational modification that leads to anti-inflammatory activity of antibodies of immunoglobulin G, isotype 4 (IgG4).
IgG4 antibodies are dynamic molecules that
***exchange Fab arms***
by swapping a heavy chain and attached light chain (half-molecule) with a heavy-light chain pair from another molecule, which results in bispecific antibodies.
Mutagenesis studies revealed that the third constant domain is critical for this activity.
The impact of IgG4 Fab arm exchange was confirmed in vivo in a rhesus monkey model with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis.
IgG4 Fab arm exchange is suggested to be an important biological mechanism that provides the basis for the anti-inflammatory activity attributed to IgG4 antibodies."
Okay...now I gotta load an old disc...
Our own antibodies are not "perfect" fighters against Bb, why?
"Characterization of the physiological requirements for the bactericidal effects of a monoclonal antibody to OspB of Borrelia burgdorferi by confocal microscopy.
The bactericidal effect of Fab-CB2 is not dependent on the induction of spirochetal proteases but
is dependent on the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+.
Supplementation of Ca2(+)- and Mg2(+)-free medium with these cations restored the bactericidal effects of Fab-CB2.
The mechanism by which a Fab fragment of an antibody destroys a bacterium directly may represent a novel form of antibody-organism interaction."
PMID: 9125579
A ``novel form of antibody-organism interaction?'' I don't THINK so!
E. Required by immunological process.
Magnesium, immunity, and allergy: Mg is required for several steps of immunological reactions
1. Lymphoblastic transformation, a prerequisite of secretion of antibodies by lymphoblasts, requires Ca2+ and Mg2+
2. Mg is required for synthesis of proteins, immunoglobulins included
3. Antibody-induced complement activation is Mg dependent
4. The antigen-immunoglobulin-complement reaction induces degranulation of the mastocyte
Characterization of the physiological requirements for the bactericidal effects of a Infection & Immunity, May;65(5):1908-15.
ML; Backenson PB; monoclonal antibody to OspB of Borrelia burgdorferi by confocal microscopy. Coleman JL; Benach JL.
The spheroplasts contain both OspA and OspB and are a terminal stage in the bactericidal process induced by Fab-CB2."
"The formation of spheroplasts ultimately leads to cell death; in our studies, only mutants grow after treatment of spirochetes with CB2
...The similarities between the morphological changes that spirochetes undergo in response to the anti-OspB MAb by H6831 and to antibiotics have been noted.
This may reflect a common pathway for spirochetal death or simply that different killing pathways result in similar morphological characteristics.
While antibiotic-induced changes of spirochetes indeed resemble the changes induced by CB2 and H6831, including the formation of spherical structures, the changes with the MAbs occur more rapidly.
Morphological changes in B. hermsii as a result of treatment with benzylpenicillin required 10 h of incubation ; 24 h was required for B. burgdorferi with penicillin and vancomycin, and 5 days was required with benzylpenicillin ...
From these studies we conclude that Fab-CB2 destabilizes the OM = outer membrane of B. burgdorferi, with subsequent formation of spheroplasts, through...
CB2 Receptor Polyclonal Antibody
Search synonyms: Cannabinoid Receptor 2;
Cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage), also known as CB2 or CNR2, is a human gene.
Both hCB2 and mCB2 *mediate*(facilitate)
agonist (helper)-stimulated inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP production
in CHO cell lines permanently expressing the receptors."
Posts: 9424 | From Sunshine State | Registered: Mar 2001
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Marnie
Frequent Contributor (5K+ posts)
Member # 773
posted
Up...for lyme mom's - to - be especially!!!
Research "soybean IgG4 antibodies", bee stings, and
Keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) treatments.
IgG4 antibodies...
"Unlike the other subclasses, IgG4 antibodies developed very slowly during the primary response, with no antibody detected at 3 weeks and often with only low titres 1 year after immunization. In one individual, this IgG4 primary response peaked around 10 months, but there was considerable variation between individuals."
"The very prolonged time-course of IgG4 antibody development suggests that this may depend on long-term antigen retention on follicular dendritic cells within the germinal centre.
In support of this is the recent observation that IgG4 is the only subclass to be severely depressed in genetically determined complement deficiency involving the classical pathway of C3 activation (Bird & Lachmann, 1988)"
Posts: 9424 | From Sunshine State | Registered: Mar 2001
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GiGi
Frequent Contributor (5K+ posts)
Member # 259
posted
The first DPT shot killed our six week old son. His name was Ditmar.
He was happy and healthy in the AM before he got his shot at ten o'clock - and very dead the same evening at seven o-clock. Dead in his bed.
Beware and take care.
Posts: 9834 | From Washington State | Registered: Oct 2000
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