Hi All-- This thread keeps track of any and all "spirocheticidal" (i.e. spirochete killing) compounds and anti biofilm compounds, including herbs or drugs that have even small shreds of scientific proof that they actually kill spirochetes, cysts or biofilm.
Biofilm is often present in resistant infections, and it is created through a process known as quorum sensing(QS), where different microbes communicate to create a "hardened" community that is resistant to drugs. The good news is that many chemicals in plants interfere with quorum sensing, meaning that QS is a weak point that we Lymies can attack with more research on QSI (quorum sensing inhibitor) plants!!
QS is different depending on whether the bacteria is gram negative or gram positive. For example, Gram-positive bacteria primarily use the oligopeptide signaling systems whereas Gram-negative bacteria primarily uses the LuxR/I-type QS system. Lyme is very weakly gram negative, but it is unknown what type of quorum sensing is involved in Lyme biofilm, and it merits more research since QS is an achilles heel. We need to test QSI compounds on cultured Borrelia biofilm!!
This thread should NOT be used for self treatment because some of the compounds of interest may be toxic.
The evidence/research we compile on this thread could be used for potential crowd funding research initiatives by interested scientists. Yes-- we patients can have an impact by researching these plant based compounds to create a target list of compounds for further in vitro study!!
Please list the compound in bold or underlined if possible, and then cite any article or professional associated with the compound, herb or drug you may list.
THANKS-- AND WE WILL FIND A CURE IF WE WORK TOGETHER!!
[ 10-05-2015, 12:03 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
SAPONINS Saponins are soap-like substances that can cause lysis of bacteria. Lysis is the disintegration of a cell by rupture of the cell wall or membrane (lytic action).
Quote: " Neufeld and von Prowazek found that spirochetes, unlike bacteria in general, are highly susceptible to the lytic action of ...saponin, and they considered that this phenomenon was of differential diagnostic value in determining plant and animal organisms.
Their observations were confirmed by Gonder, who found, however, that spirochetes, especially treponemata, offer a great deal of resistance at the beginning, but finally undergo lysis, with their cell bodies swollen up or macerated.
In the present experiment we have found that these substances not only bring about cytolysis of the spirochetes in higher concentrations, but also kill them without causing a gross destruction of the cells in very high dilutions; thus, sodium cholate in 1: 5,000, sodium glycocholate and taurocholate in 1: 2,500 each, saponin 1:7,500. "
Saponins are in the following plants and herbs:
Sarsaparilla (smilax) Astragalus Panax Notoginseng Gymnema sylvestre Licorice Horsechestnut Asparagus ferns Ginseng(chinese and korean) Garlic Alfalfa Fenugreek Bacopa Monierri Wild Yam Red Onions Agave, Yucca and Prickly Pear Paprika Sea Cucumber (animal source) Quinoa, amaranth and oats (unwashed) Red wine (not white) Lily of the Valley Soy beans, green peas, lima beans, navy beans, kidney beans, chick peas Spanish saffron-- Crocus sativus Acacia nilotica --Gum arabic Gotu Kola
(Note-- I admit that I tried the Bacopa herb a while back and it did improve my memory in just a few days.)
.................................................
(breaking up the text for easier reading for many here) Note--- Hi Robin-- Lets spend our time ADDING COMPOUNDS to this list, rather than editing in more white spaces, which is extremely time consuming. I for one dislike too many paragraph returns, and I find it MORE difficult to read. Thanks...
[ 10-17-2015, 12:21 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
GRAPEFRUIT SEED EXTRACT- citrus x paradisi, family Rutaceae Grapefruit seed extract has both spirochete killing power and quorum sensing inhibition power. Grapefruit is of the family Rutaceae. The antimicrobial properties of grapefruit seed extract and pulp were discovered in 1972 by Jacob Harish, a physicist and immunologist, as a result of his curiosity about the bitterness of grapefruit seeds.
NOTE: Grapefruit seed extract may not be well absorbed into the bloodstream, though. Buhner does not recommend it for Lyme.
Scientific evidence for the spirocheticidal properties of GSE can be found in this scientific paper by the Brorson cousins:
"Grapefruit Seed Extract is a Powerful in vitro Agent Against Motile and Cystic Forms of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato,"BY O. Brorson and S.H. Brorson LINK: http://tinyurl.com/ol5jpvc
"When the susceptibility testing for mobile spirochetes was performed in distilled water, the rate of conversion was strongly dependent on the GSE concentration. After incubation for 1 h at 34 degrees C the number of spirochetes converted to cysts ranged from none at GSE concentration of 0.165%--0.0052%, 10% at 0.0028%, 20% at 0.0013%, 95% at 0.00064%, and > 95% in the control when examined in DFM. By TEM, the dilution of 0.0013% showed a very few cysts; the dilution of 0.00064% showed many normal cysts but not as many as in the control. Susceptibility testing of normal mobile borrelia exposed to GSE at 34 degrees C for 1 h revealed motile bacteria at concentrations ≤ 0.01%. ------- In addition to killing spirochetes, Grapefruit Seed Extract also inhibits quorum sensing, which is a key mechanism of biofilm growth:
"Plant-Derived Natural Products as Sources of Anti-Quorum Sensing Compounds" by Chong-Lek Koh,1 Choon-Kook Sam,1 Wai-Fong Yin,2 Li Ying Tan,2 Thiba Krishnan,2 Yee Meng Chong,2 and Kok-Gan Chan2,*
".....grapefruit extract also contains some bioactive compounds such as furocoumarins, carotenoids, limonoids, pectin and coumarin that have antibacterial and antifungal activities [55]. Furocoumarins were shown to have strong inhibition against both AI-1 and AI-2 activities, as well as hinder the formation of biofilm in E. coli, S. typhimurium and P. aeruginosa."
------------- According to The Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine, Volume 5, No. 3, USA, 1990, an international research team examined the effect of GSE on 770 strains of bacteria and 93 strains of fungus and compared this with 30 effective antibiotics and 18 proven fungicides. GSE was found to perform as well as any and all of the tested agents.
--------------------- Bio Research Laboratories of Redmond, Washington, USA, tested GSE, a commercial chlorine bleach, and colloidal silver against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus faecium, and E. coli. GSE proved superior and the test report concluded:
"All microorganisms tested were inhibited with moderate levels of GSE liquid disinfectant. High levels of chlorine bleach inhibited the test organisms, but moderate levels were not effective. Because the GSE liquid was inhibitory at much lower levels, it may be assumed that it is ten to one hundred times more effective than chlorine against the organisms used in this study. On average, GSE proved to be ten times more effective than the colloidal silver." ---------------- At the University of Georgia, tests were conducted to evaluate Grapefruit Seed Extract (GSE) as a disinfectant in tests against E. Coli, Salmonella sps., and Staph aureus. According to Roger Wyatt, Ph.D., and Microbiologist for the university, "Our studies indicate excellent potential for these products (GSE). ...The toxicological that I have reviewed indicated that this product and the active ingredient poses very low toxicity. As you know this is important because most disinfectants that are currently used in either animal or human environments have moderate to high toxicity and extreme care must be exercised when these products are used... In view of the reports that we have discussed, the wide spectrum of activity that GSE offers (antiviral, antibacterial; Gram positive and Gram negative, antimycotic, and antiprotozoan) will undoubtedly aid in its acceptability."
[ 06-01-2018, 09:42 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
CAT'S CLAW (SAMENTO) Uncaria tomentosa and Uncaria guianensis Peer review literature/science--- Effective against: Biofilm- dramatically shrinks Lyme biofilm colonies according to a study by Dr. Eva Sapi-- see charts and pictures in the link below) LINK: http://www.townsendletter.com/July2010/sapi0710.html
In D. Klinghardt's work this product has shown consistent action against Borrelia, Bartonella, Ehrlichiosis, Rickettsia, mycoplasma and other co- infections. Herxheimer reactions are expected and may occur at any stage of the treatment (on the first day of use or after many months) and repeatedly.
Another study: "In Vitro Effect of Peruvian Antimicrobial Agents on Borrelia burgdorferi" by Priyanka A.S. Theophilus M.S. Postgraduate Research Fellow Advisor Eva Sapi Ph.D. Lyme Disease Research Group, Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516 LINK: http://www.nutramedix.ec/Nutramedix-Priyanka.pdf
"Cat's claw is a vine from the basin of the Amazon River. There are two species, U. tomentosa [Figure 1(C)] and U. guianensis [Figure 1(D)] that are traditionally used in South America for their anti-inflammatory properties. Cat's claw bark contains oxindole alkaloids (virtually absent in U. guianensis), polyphenols (flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and tannins), quinovic acid α-glycosides, pentacyclic alkaloids, and sterols [Ganzera et al. 2001]. Traditionally, the bark of cat's claw is prepared as a decoction, said to be beneficial in the treatment of arthritis, bursitis, lupus, chronic fatigue syndrome, and for stomach and intestine disorders [Foster, 1996; reviewed in Williams, 2001]. The most investigated of the active constituents in U. tomentosa extract for immune-modulating and anti-inflammatory effects are pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids [Williams, 2001]. "
[ 10-17-2015, 07:03 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by TNT (Member # 42349) on :
I think this thread is a great idea, WakeUp! It's interesting that some of the items already mentioned are things that helped me stay functional before I got a diagnosis.
Posted by Keebler (Member # 12673) on :
- Wake up,
Good idea. Many here have trouble with eyes and can only track short paragraphs of about 3 or 4 finished lines maximum (about 5-6 in the compose mode)
(longer lists usually work up to about six or so). To add space breaks, if you would be so kind, you can click on to the tiny paper & pencil icon. This way more can read what you post as it is important. Solid text can be a sea of grey squiggles for those with nystagmus or other eye spasm issues as lyme often causes.
To shorten any long URLs that take a thread "wide" -
Posted by Keebler (Member # 12673) on :
- To complement the other detail above.
When considering herbal / nutritional / adjunct methods, because lyme is so very complex & unique, as are possible coinfections:
if at all possible - because each person & each case is different - it's best to consult with an ILADS-educated LL ND (lyme literate naturopathic doctor) (or similar) who has completed four years of post-graduate medical education in the field of herbal and nutritional medicine -
- and someone who is current with ILADS' research & presentations, past and present, and has completed the ILADS Physician Training Program (see: www.ilads.org )
so they really know all they can about the science of lyme . . . how lyme (& other TBD) act and what we can do about that in various ways.
Many LL NDs incorporate antibiotics (depending upon the licensing laws in their state). Some LLMDs and LL NDs have good working relationships.
When possible, it's great to have both a LLMD and LL ND and even better when they have a long-standing professional relationship.
Herbal Safety considerations & reference books; etc.
Links to many articles and books by holistic-minded LL doctors of various degrees who all have this basic approach in common:
Understanding of the importance of addressing the infection(s) fully head-on with specific measures from all corners of medicine;
knowing which supplements have direct impact, which are only support and which are both.
You can compare and contrast many approaches with links to articles, books, methods . . .
BODY WORK methods / links (and why anyone who works on your spine MUST be LL to the degree they at least know to never suddenly twist neck or spine. Never. Ever. And that we should never be advised to do neck / head / shoulder stands.) -
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
quote:Originally posted by TNT: I think this thread is a great idea, WakeUp! It's interesting that some of the items already mentioned are things that helped me stay functional before I got a diagnosis.
Thanks so much TNT! I have had Lyme for more than two decades and I must admit that I have at times even shared my many research findings with my ILADS doctor--- who was amazed at some of the stuff he learned from the research, and actually wanted copies of the research papers I uncovered (especially the Brorsons' work).
I do believe that we in the community will help to find a cure for ourselves if we keep our eyes and ears open for promising compounds! Please feel free to add compounds (in boldface if possible) to this list if you have found any scientific evidence (including educated anecdotes) about the compound.
I hope we can get a really long list of compounds (with links/scientific citations), that can maybe be used in the future for a crowd funding effort to test the compounds in vitro. ( Im particularly excited by compounds that degrade biofilm and inhibit quorum sensing. )
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
Keebler-- Thanks for your input. I would be so grateful if we could limit this thread as much as possible to a list of promising compounds with linked scientific evidence. I hope we can keep on topic now that you have stressed the need for readers to consult their physician, and you have given your editorial guidelines, tiny url etc.
Do you have any promising compounds to add to this list? Thanks
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
FENUGREEK (Trigonella foenum-graceum--- seed, compound Galactomannans ) Action against bacterial biofilm and quorum sensing. Also shows the ability to bind to the borrelia-like like endotoxins produced by Ecoli (ETEC) and V. cholerae by Inhibiting LT and CT binding to GM1 probably through the compound Galactomannans.
"Trigonella foenum-graceum (Seed) Extract Interferes with Quorum Sensing Regulated Traits and Biofilm Formation in the Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophila," by Fohad Mabood Husain,1,2 Iqbal Ahmad,1 Mohd Shahnawaz Khan,3 and Nasser Abdulatif Al-Shabib2
In another peer reviewed study, fenugreek reduced arthritis in rats: "Effect of ethanol extract of Trigonella foenum graecum (Fenugreek) seeds on Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in albino rats." Suresh P1, Kavitha ChN, Babu SM, Reddy VP, Latha AK. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22395729 SUMMARY: The animals were sacrificed, and the cartilage tissue was isolated for estimation of lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Administration with both doses of T. foenum graecum (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the paw oedema and restored body weight. ...... T. foenum graecum 400-mg/kg dose showed more prominent results compared to the 200-mg/kg dose of T. foenum graecum.
The results obtained in this study suggest that anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of T. foenum graecum may be the possible reason behind the observed anti-arthritic activity.
The ability of Fenugreek to bind toxins (see interesting chart of many plants in article: "Antibacterial and Antidiarrheal Activities of Plant Products against Enterotoxinogenic Escherichia coli" by J. Daniel Dubreuil LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3847712/
"Inhibition of binding of the AB5-type enterotoxins LT-I and cholera toxin to ganglioside GM1 by galactose-rich dietary components." by Becker PM1, Widjaja-Greefkes HC, van Wikselaar PG. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19919285
More on Fenugreek's ability to bind toxins: "Inhibition of binding of the AB5-type enterotoxins LT-I and cholera toxin to ganglioside GM1 by galactose-rich dietary components," by Becker PM1, Widjaja-Greefkes HC, van Wikselaar PG. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19919285
[ 11-11-2015, 07:52 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
BASIL, CHAPARRAL, CLOVE, CRANBERRY, OREGANO, POMEGRANATE, ROSEMARY, SAGE, SASSAFRAS, THYME and WITCH HAZEL The above plants (5 from the Lamiaceae family) have shown anti-quorum sensing (bacterial biofilm inhibition) properties.
Also discussed in the link above was the thyme/ tetracycline synergy, in a 2010 doctoral dissertation by Maria Nagy of Georgia State University.
The above compounds might present opportunities for further crowd funding research with respect to inhibiting borrelia biofilms, which contribute to chronic (treatment resistant) Lyme disease
[ 11-12-2015, 06:07 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
XYLITOL Peer review studies show the common sweetener, xylitol to be effective in reducing oral bacterial biofilms. Some LLMD's are prescribing two teaspoons xilitol twice a day, in tandem with 500 mg of lactoferrin, also taken twice a day.
Chronic sinusitis is thought to often involve bacterial biofilms. This study showed significant improvement when infected sinuses were irrigated with saline plus xylitol and or a drop of baby shampoo. Xylitol nasal irrigation in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis: A pilot study http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lary.22176/abstract ---- The above studies hint that further research could be tailored to see if xylitol could inhibit borrelia biofilms.
[ 01-13-2016, 10:35 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
N-ACETYLCYSTEINE (NAC) "N-acetylcysteine as powerful molecule to destroy bacterial biofilms. A systematic review." By Dinicola S1, De Grazia S, Carlomagno G, Pintucci JP. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25339490
RESULTS: The studies analyzed, with score over 3, suggested a potential role for NAC as adjuvant molecule in the treatment of bacterial biofilms, with an excellent safety and efficacy profile. NAC, in combination with different antibiotics, significantly promoted their permeability to the deepest layers of the biofilm, overcoming the problem of the resistance to the classic antibacterial therapeutic approach.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these results are encouraging to a more widespread clinical use of NAC, as adjuvant therapy for microbial infections followed by biofilm settle, which may occur in several body districts, such as the vaginal cavity.
[ 10-17-2015, 07:04 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
ANDROGRAPHIS paniculata, of the Acanthaceae family Valued in Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha medicine. It is used to treat a very long list of illnesses and conditions, and is a centerpiece in the Buhner herbal protocol for Lyme. A. alata and A. lineata are used in human and veterinary medicine.
This herb is included in Klinghardt and Buhner's Lyme protocols. According to Klinghardt, scienctific evidence suggests that Andrographis: is anti-spirochetal; crosses blood brain barrier; protects heart muscle; anti-inflammatory; calming; potent modulating effect on mast cell and neutrophil activity; turns off inappropriate mast-cell allergic reactions in tissue; enhances liver function; and shows significant protective effects against inflammation-mediated neuro-degeneration of brain, spinal chord and CSF. Other published positive effects, according to Klinghardt, show Andrographis to be effective against filaria, leptospirosis and malaria, suggesting strong effect against Babesia."
One study included Andrographis among other Indian plants in screening for Ascaris lumbricoides, showing effectiveness. (FIND STUDY). Another study researched Andrographis' activity against roundworms and threadworms, with effective outcomes.(FIND STUDY)
Andrographis has also been shown to be effective in inhibiting (not degrading) bacterial biofilms: "Synergistic Effect of 14-Alpha-Lipoyl Andrographolide and Various Antibiotics on the Formation of Biofilms and Production of Exopolysaccharide and Pyocyanin by Pseudomonas aeruginosa" http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3101388/
[ 06-01-2018, 10:04 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
FULVIC ACID Peer review studies show effectiveness against oral bacterial biofilm
"Investigating the biological properties of carbohydrate derived fulvic acid (CHD-FA) as a potential novel therapy for the management of oral biofilm infections." by Sherry L1, Millhouse E, Lappin DF, Murray C, Culshaw S, Nile CJ, Ramage G.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, CHD-FA was shown to possess broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, with a supplementary function of being able to down-regulate inflammation. These properties offer an attractive spectrum of function from a naturally derived compound, which could be used as an alternative topical treatment strategy for oral biofilm diseases. Further studies in vitro and in vivo are required to determine the precise mechanism by which CHD-FA modulates the host immune response.
[ 10-17-2015, 12:28 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
LET' S TRY TO STAY ON TOPIC BY LISTING PROMISING COMPOUNDS WITH SCIENTIFIC LINKS ON THIS THREAD.
I WILL BE KEEPING A RUNNING COPY IN CASE THIS SITE GOES DOWN, OR THIS THREAD GETS DELETED, OR TOO MUCH THREAD SLIDING OCCURS.
WE NEED TO TAKE RESPONSIBILITY AND DO OUR BEST RESEARCH TO HELP SCIENTISTS FIND A CURE!! PATIENTS CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE.
WE CAN BE INSTRUMENTAL IN HELPING TO FIND A CURE.
[ 10-27-2015, 01:54 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
JAPANESE KNOTWEED - POLYGONUM CUSPITDATUM This herb, high in resveratrol, is considered by the herbalist Mr. Buhner, to be one of the top Lyme disease treatment herbs, alongside Samento. Used by the following practitioners: Zhang, Buhner, Klinghardt.
Klinghardt has stated that Peer review literature/Science has shown Japanese knotweed to be effective against: Leptospirosis;Treponema denticola (spirochetes in oral flora); Bartonella (Buhner); Many gram neg and gram pos bacteria; Anti-viral;Hepatitis B (and C?).
Other published positive effects, according to Klinghardt: Crosses blood brain barrier; anti-inflammatory; antimicrobial; protects against microbial endotoxins; High content of resveratrol increases microcirculation(vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation; pos effect on eye,heart, skin (ideal synergist); Lowers cholesterol and lipids; Increases wound healing; Angiogenesis modulator; Ischemic heart disease; Potent antioxidant; iInhibits lipoxygenase (anti-inflammatory); Inhibition prostaglandin E; Inhibits nuclear factor kappa B (NF kB) which upregulated in Lyme causing a cascade of immune mediated cellular responses; Leukemia; Stimulates fibroblasts (proliferative effect); Rheumatoid arthritis; Psoriasis; Increases bone mass; Anti-aging; Reduces auto-immunity; Strongly neuroprotective-- Effects against: ALS, Alzheimer, Parkinson MS cerebral ischemia; Stimulates microcirculation in brain
Peer review articles also show effectiveness against biofilm: "In vitro effects of a fraction separated from Polygonum cuspidatum root on the viability, in suspension and biofilms, and biofilm formation of mutans streptococci," by Song JH1, Yang TC, Chang KW, Han SK, Yi HK, Jeon JG.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the preliminary phytochemical analysis, the activity of F1 (a fraction of the Knotweed root) may be related to the presence of anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, and phenolics. These results indicate that F1 is probably useful in the control of oral biofilms and subsequent dental caries development.
[ 11-02-2015, 02:13 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
BERBERIS ARISTATA (or VULGARIS), aka "BARBERRY" -- fam. Berberidaceae--active compound is BERBERINE Antimicrobial, antibiofilm. A close relative of goldenseal and oregon grape, this plant is native to Great Britain/ Europe and as been used medicinally in Europe and Asia for hundreds of years. Currently used by Herbalist Jason Elias as a recommended Lyme supplement.
The active ingredient of Barberry is thought to be "Berberine." According to the website, herbsforlyme.com, berberine may be a natural solvent that inhibits the ability of biofilms to stick to epithelial tissue and fibronectin in the body; it may interfere with biofilm formation; and it may inhibit metabolism of bacteria. Berberine can create an upset stomach in some people. Fibronectin has been shown to play a large role in Lyme disease.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE:
"Quorum Sensing Inhibition of Berberis vulgaris L. var. Asperma on Streptococcus mutans: In Vitro Anti-Biofilm Activity and Molecular Docking Studies," by Iman Adib Majlesi 1, Glenn G. Oyong 2, Naser Jafari 3, Maria Carmen S. Tan 4, Irving Chiong 4, and Marissa G. Noel 4
Results: ... Bioactive compounds from B. vulgaris L. var. Asperma fruit has QSI activity against S. mutans biofilm formation and can potentially be used as an alternative or in combination with oral prophylaxis agents against dental caries and periodontitis. LINK: http://congress.tbzmed.ac.ir/TILC/Abstract/6493
[ 04-12-2017, 10:42 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WPinVA (Member # 33581) on :
My LLMD wanted me to take Lactoferrin along with the Xylitol. I can't give you a link to a study though...
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
quote:Originally posted by WPinVA: My LLMD wanted me to take Lactoferrin along with the Xylitol. I can't give you a link to a study though...
Yes--- I'll add lactoferrin into our running list of compounds which could use more scientific study.. Ill see if I can find any papers or studies, but the fact that your doctor is prescribing it means he must know that it could be helpful. Id love to know how much its costs to do a test on each compound-- i.e., to see how different dilutions of the compound affects burgdorferi growth or biofilms in a petri dish..otherwise known as in vitro. THANKS!!! Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
"CONCLUSION The study concludes that Usnea longissima has a potent antibacterial activity against various pathogenic bacteria. The chemical constituents present in the lichen like Usnic acid may be responsible for its antibacterial effect as it is seen that Usnea contains a yellow pigment Usnic acid in its cortex, which is reported to inhibit bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus pneuomoniae in adults. Usnea appears to kill bacteria by disrupting their metabolic functions (Brodo, 1984; Dube, 1983). So, it can be concluded that after further exploring its pharmacological details, as this is just an in-vitro proof of its existing antibacterial efficacy, this drug can be used to drive antimicrobial agents to fight against the number of infectious diseases mainly against B.cereus, P.vulgaris and P.aeruginosa."
Another study cited the anti quorum sensing properties of Usnea: "Secondary metabolite variability in lichen genus Usnea in India: A potential source for bioprospection" by P. Shukla1, 2*, D.K. Upreti1 and L.M. Tewari2 LINK: http://www.gjestenv.com/Current_Issue/vol_2/15_0102.pdf
...."Rowe et al. [12] and Cocchietto et al., [13] studied the wide-spectrum antibiotic properties of Usnea spp. Singh et al. [14] reported that novel herbo-metallic preparation (nanoparticles) using extracts of U. longissima can inhibit bacterial quorum sensing.
[ 10-04-2015, 04:48 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
LACTOFERRIN Demonstrated anti-biofilm, antimicrobial properties in peer reviewed studies. Currently being prescribed in tandem with Xylitol by at least one LLMD.
According to the website herbsforlyme.com, Lactoferrin binds to iron, depriving biofilm matrix of this essential mineral. Lactoferrin is often used in biofilm protocols without Lyme Disease. Use 100% Lactoferrin. Practitioners suggest buying the 250 mg. capsules, using brands like Symbiotics, Jarrow, or another single high quality lactoferrin supplement, with a starting dose of 125 MG OR LESS, as severe Herx. can result. *If you are experiencing acute Lyme Disease, you may want to omit Lactoferrin, since it is derived from milk (some dried dairy products have been shown to culture and grow Lyme bacteria-- consult practitioner.
"Antimicrobial effects of lactoferrin and cannabidiol on Borrelia burgdorferi" by Dylan Haenel Department of Biology and Environmental Science/ Biotechnology Eva Sapi Ph.D. http://www.newhaven.edu/887913.pdf
Will update when I get more scientific links
[ 01-04-2016, 10:21 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
CHANCA PIEDRA (PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS, or PA) Known as "break stone" this herb is a folk remedy for kidney stones and has been used in traditional medicine, ostensibly for Syphilis, a spirochete similar to Lyme. This herb may also play a role in breaking up calcium deposits surrounding and protecting the Bartonella bacteria, and should be investigated for use in Lyme and its co-infections.. Hardened calcium alginate deposits are also known to play a protective role outside of older Borrelia biofilm colonies.
"Studies have proved that PA have anti-inflammatory [153], anti-microbial [154,155], anti-cancer [156], anti-fertility [157], hepatoprotective [158], anti-diabetic [159], anti-diarrheal [160], antioxidant [161], anti-oedemotgenic [162], diuretic [163] and chmoprotective [164] activity. The aqueous extract of whole plant at a dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg shows anti-arthritic activity in male wistar rats."
[ 06-28-2017, 12:03 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
HOUTTUYNIA CORDATA, family Saururaceae Currently used by Zhang, Buhner, Schaller and Cowden- who believe it effective against Bartonella. May improve Alzheimers cognitive deficits.
A study supervised by Dr. Eva Sapi showed Enula (Elecampane) to have synergy with Houttuynia in reducing Borrelia biofilm by 55% in vitro within 72 hours. This combination of herbs also reduced Borrelia round bodies by 61% in vitro. LINK: http://www.nutramedix.ec/Nutramedix-Priyanka.pdf
"A current update on the phytopharmacological aspects of Houttuynia cordata Thunb." by Kumar M1, Prasad SK1, Hemalatha S1. Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24600193
SUMMARY: Indigenous to North-East India and China. It is an aromatic medicinal herb belonging to family Saururaceae and is restricted to specialized moist habitats..... Among the important pharmacological activities reported includes, anti-mutagenic, anti-cancer, adjuvanticity, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging, anti-microbial, anti-allergic, anti-leukemic, chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps activities.
And in view of Dr. MacDonald's recent research linking Alzeheimers with borrelia infection:
"Houttuynia cordata Improves Cognitive Deficits in Cholinergic Dysfunction Alzheimer's Disease-Like Models," by Huh E1, Kim HG2, Park H3, Kang MS4, Lee B4, Oh MS2. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25009697
[ 06-01-2018, 09:48 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
STEVIA-- Stevia rebaudiana -- leaf
Anti spirochete, anti-biofilm, anti-cyst. A common sweetener, Stevia is being investigated for its anti-borrelia and anti biofilm properties. One study including Stevia resulted in a significant reduction in the numbers of spirochetal form by 60% and the cyst forms by 98%. Doxycycline reduced the spirochetal forms by 77% but showed a marked increase in the cyst form at higher concentration.
The Stevia brand referred to as brand "A" in the study below is most likely Nutrimedix brand liquid drops.
According to herbsforlyme.com, stevia "opens up the water channels within the biofilm matrix - channels which let in nutrition and let out waste. As per Eva Sapi - At full dose, use 7 drops of Stevia in a glass of water (on empty stomach). Start the dose with one drop and work it up very slowly to gauge Herxheimer's reaction. Stevia tricks the colony to open up the channels for nutrition - when channels are open, Antibiotics and antimicrobials can be effective inside the biofilm. Older biofilm is dense with a hard shell of iron, magnesium, and calcium. Medications shown to penetrate denser biofilm include tindazol, flagyl and doxy. Eva Sapi's talk on biofilm can be found on www.norvect.no in 2014." Pay 10 Euros to see the entire 2014 conference. VIew Dr. Sapi's biofilm lecture here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a03dvNMmmx0
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE:
"EFFECTIVENESS OF STEVIA REBAUDIANA WHOLE LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST THE VARIOUS MORPHOLOGICAL FORMS OF BORRELIA BURGDORFERI IN VITRO," by P. A. S. Theophilus, M. J. Victoria, K. M. Socarras, K. R. Filush, K. Gupta, D. F. Luecke, E. Sapi*
[ 01-26-2017, 08:13 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
BANDEROL Otoba sp.,of the Myristicaceae plant family
Anti-spirochete, antibacterial, anti quorum sensing, anti-biofilm. Used with anecdotal success in the Cowden protocol. Author Dr. Horowitz showed the Cowden protocol to be a successful alternative to antibiotics in a study of more than 50+ patients. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8Nt0VD28fk
Banderol, ostensibly a member of the Myristicaceae plant family, is related to the nutmeg and mace plants. Essential oils of Myristicaceae family have anti fungal action, and antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans.[citation needed-- verify], and may also have anti biofilm properties..
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE:
The following study, supervised by Dr. Sapi, shows the inhibitory effects of the Peruvian herb Banderol on live borrelia spirochetes, round bodies and biofilm, in vitro: "In Vitro Effect of Peruvian Antimicrobial Agents on Borrelia burgdorferi" by Priyanka A.S. Theophilus M.S. Postgraduate Research Fellow Advisor: Eva Sapi Ph.D. Lyme Disease Research Group, Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516 LINK: http://www.nutramedix.ec/Nutramedix-Priyanka.pdf
A study showing anti quorum sensing effect of a plant related to Banderol: "Malabaricone C from Myristica cinnamomea exhibits anti-quorum sensing activity," by Chong YM1, Yin WF, Ho CY, Mustafa MR, Hadi AH, Awang K, Narrima P, Koh CL, Appleton DR, Chan KG. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21910441
Another study of the anti-parasitic properties of nutmeg, a plant related to Banderol: "Antihelmintic effects of nutmeg (Myristica fragans) on Anisakis simplex L3 larvae obtained from Micromesistius potassou," by López V1, Gerique J2, Langa E2, Berzosa C2, Valero MS2, Gómez-Rincón C2. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25890576
[ 01-04-2016, 10:32 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
Cassia, also known as Chinese Cinnamon-- the most widely sold form of cinnamon in the US. Cinnamomum cassia is considered to be one of the top 50 Chinese medicinal herbs,and it contains cinnamic aldehyde, a potent biofilm inhibitor, but in large quantities, Chinese cinnamon may damage the liver due to high levels of coumarin.
Sri Lankan True Cinnamon-- Cinnamomum zeylanicum leaf oil has been the subject of recent claims as a treatment for Lyme (the Sri Lankan cinnamon LEAF oil is diluted 20 drops to 1/4 cup of olive oil, and taken 1-2 drops per day) Sri Lankan cinnamon ostensibly has less of the liver damaging chemical.
Interestingly, the Sri Lankan Cinnamon leaf oil contains much more eugenol, which may account for the claimed success of this oil. The essential oils from Cinnamon cassia (Chinese) contain 80–90% cinnamaldehyde with little or no eugenol, which is different from Sri Lankan C. zeylanicum bark, which contains 60–80% cinnamaldehyde and approximately 2% eugenol, and essential oils from its leaves were found to be rich in eugenol (70–75%).
(Note: For possible study only-- do not ingest essential oils without guidance!)
Studies on Chinese Cinnamon and Sri Lankan True Cinnamon:
"Selected Antimicrobial Essential Oils Eradicate Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms," by Nicole L. Kavanaugh and Katharina Ribbeckcorresponding author LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3346404/
"Inhibitory effects of citral, cinnamaldehyde, and tea polyphenols on mixed biofilm formation by foodborne Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis." by Zhang H1, Zhou W2, Zhang W2, Yang A2, Liu Y2, Jiang Y2, Huang S2, Su J3. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24853514
"Effect of trans-cinnamaldehyde on inhibition and inactivation of Cronobacter sakazakii biofilm on abiotic surfaces." by Amalaradjou MA1, Venkitanarayanan K. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21333138
"Effect of Cinnamon Oil on Quorum Sensing-Controlled Virulence Factors and Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa" by Manmohit Kalia,1 Vivek Kumar Yadav,1 Pradeep Kumar Singh,1 Deepmala Sharma,2 Himanshu Pandey,3 Shahid Suhail Narvi,4 and Vishnu Agarwal1,* Livia Leoni, Editor http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4532483/
"Cinnamon from the selection of traditional applications to its novel effects on the inhibition of angiogenesis in cancer cells and prevention of Alzheimer's disease, and a series of functions such as antioxidant, anticholesterol, antidiabetes, antibacterial, antifungal, nematicidal, acaracidal, and repellent activities," by Rafie Hamidpour,a,∗ Mohsen Hamidpour,b Soheila Hamidpour,a and Mina Shahlaria LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4488098/
"Medicinal properties of ‘true’ cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum): a systematic review," by Priyanga Ranasinghe,corresponding author1 Shehani Pigera,1 GA Sirimal Premakumara,2 Priyadarshani Galappaththy,1 Godwin R Constantine,3 and Prasad Katulanda3 Link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3854496/
[ 10-02-2015, 02:27 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
GUAIACUM officinale, of the Zygophyllaceae family An endangered species of tropical tree in the caltrop family, its flower is the national flower of Jamaica.
Peer review studies: "Anti-rheumatoid and anti-oxidant activity of homeopathic Guaiacum officinale in an animal model." by Sarkar A1, Datta P1, Das AK1, Gomes A2. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24685418
SUMMARY: These findings suggest that homeopathic G. officinale possesses anti-rheumatic and anti-oxidant activity in experimental animal and these activities may be more significant in higher potencies.
[ 10-26-2015, 06:14 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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TEASEL ROOT dipsacus asper or sylvestris, of the family Caprifoliaceae, in Chinese "Zu Duan" Used as a part of the BLT herbal formula for Lyme/Bartonella, with reportedly good results. Also used by Klinghardt, who has stated that it should be given in high doses over 3 months (1-2 tsp 3-4 times/day). According to Klinghardt, Teasel has been shown first by German ethno-botanist Wolf Storl,author of "Healing Lyme Disease Naturally", to be highly effective against Borrelia Burgdorferi.
In China, Teasel is known as Zu Duan, and it means "restores "what is broken." Dipsacus is a genus of flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae. Dipsacus are native to Europe, Asia and northern Africa, and are considered to be an invasive species in America.
But only the "ethyl acetate" extract of dipsacus sylvestris inhibited borrelia burgdorferi in vitro, according to the following study:
"Growth inhibiting activity of lipophilic extracts from Dipsacus sylvestris Huds. roots against Borrelia burgdorferi s. s. in vitro," by Liebold T1, Straubinger RK, Rauwald HW. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21901989
Abstract Fresh first year roots from Dipsacus sylvestris HUDS. were extracted with 70% ethanol, ethyl acetate as well as dichloromethane. Extracts were solubilized in water (lipophilic extracts with addition of polysorbate 80) and tested for their activity against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in vitro during an eight-day period using amoxicillin as standard. The hydroethanolic extract showed no growth inhibition whereas significant growth inhibiting activity could be shown in the two less polar fractions for the first time. Strongest inhibition was found in the ethyl acetate extract. The effect of polysorbate 80 on bacterial growth was examined and found to be negligible. As the nature of bioactive constituents has not been clarified yet, a micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography fingerprint analysis for a methanolic extract was applied including loganin, chlorogenic acid, cantleyoside and caffeic acid as marker substances.
[ 11-02-2015, 02:23 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
SARSAPARILLA (Smilax ornata, Smilax glabra of the family Smilacaceae. Known as "Tu fu ling" in China) Used as a part of the BLT herbal formula for Lyme/Bartonella, with reportedly good results.
Also recommended by Klinghardt, who has stated that there is peer review literature/Science to show that Sarsaparilla is effective against: Leptospirosis; Treponema pallidum (syphilis); liver flukes (clonorchis sinensis); trypanosome; shigella and salmonella (common in chronic Lyme); leprosy and TB; fungal skin infections.
Klinghardt also states that Sarsaparilla: contains Lyme endotoxin binding compounds, lessens Herxheimer reactions; Improvement in mental and psychological parameters in chronic syphilis; Modulates immune responses; Arthritis anti-inflammatory; Psoriasis and eczema; Neuroprotective (crosses blood brain barrier); Reduces skin breakdown; Pain relief; Improves liver function; Lessens fatigue; Increases libido; Asthma, hay fever, rhinitis; Cervical spondylosis (Lyme related disc degeneration and facet joint arthritis); Chronic liver disease (dramatic) including Hepatitis C; Reversal of cognitive impairment; Autoimmune dysregulation; Protects from anti-androgenic substances in Lyme (i.e. gossypol) Klinghardt's dosage: 425-500 mg caps 1-3 caps 3-4 times/day. Increase slowly to full dosage, stay on it for 2 months, then slowly reduce to maintenance dose of 1 caps 3 times/day. At least 1 year
Sarsaparilla contains spirochete killing "saponins" and has been used traditionally as a treatment for another spirochetal disease, syphilis, where success rates have been reported of up to 90% in China. The treatment consisted of a daily dose of 250 g of "tufuling" (smilax glabra) decocted and drunk warm 30 minutes before breakfast, lunch and dinner. Each course of treatment lasted 20 days; and efficacy was evaluated after 3 courses of treatment. A blood test for syphilis was performed after each course of treatment and again every 3 and 6 months during the first and second year of follow up respectively. According to Dr. Wang, 27 of the 30 patients (90%) were cured after tufuling treatment, as evidenced by disappearance of symptoms and negative blood tests after a 2-year follow-up. INFORMATIONAL LINK:: http://leungschineseherbnews.blogspot.com/2007/08/treatment-of-syphilis-with-tufuling.html
Smilax glabra, the Chinaroot, tufuling (土茯苓) or sarsaparilla, is a plant species in the genus Smilax. It is native to China, the Himalayas, and Indochina.Smilax glabra is used in Chinese herbology. In India it is known as nannari.
Syphilis however, is far less genetically complex than is Borrelia. It is unknown whether smilax works against cyst, biofilm and l-forms of Borrelia.
[ 11-02-2015, 02:09 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
HYDRIODATE OF POTASSIUM A form of iodine? Used(3 to10 grains daily), in combination with Sarsaparilla decoction(1.5 ounces 3 times per day) and "Balsam of Peru" ointment, as an effective remedy for secondary and tertiary (late stage) syphilis in the 19th century. Physicians noted many cures, but also several blood clots on the brain leading to fatalities at high doses.
Could be studied for its effectiveness against Lyme spirochete in vitro.
Read the interesting medical case studies (with cures and fatalities) here:
The London Lancet: A Journal of British and Foreign Medical and Chemical Science. LINK: http://tinyurl.com/nnscvum
[ 10-22-2015, 10:19 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
ROSE, LAVENDER, GERANIUM, CITRUS & ROSEMARY ESSENTIAL OILS Anti-quorum sensing,antibacterial. Note: Do not ingest essential oils without professional supervision.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Inhibition of Quorum-sensing Signals by Essential Oils" by Mira Agnes Szabo, Gabor Zoltan Varga, Judit Hohmann, Zsuzsanna Schelz, Erno ̋ Szegedi, Leonard Amaral, and Jozsef Molnar
The effect of essential oils on bacterial growth and QS were evaluated using the sensor strain Chromobac- terium violaceum CV026 and N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) producing Escherichia coli ATTC 31298 and the grapevine colonizing Ezf 10-17 strains.
Of the tested oils, rose, geranium, lavender and rosemary oils were the most potent QS inhibitors. Eucalyptus and citrus oils moderately reduced pigment production by CV026, whereas the chamomile, orange and juniper oils were ineffective.
[ 11-12-2015, 05:21 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
QUERCETIN Quercetin is a flavonoid (plant pigment) found in fruits and vegetables, especially onions, citrus, and apples. Other sources include dark berries, grapes, olive oil, green tea and red wine. Quercetin is also a "tyrosine kinase inhibitor," and may thus have anti-cancer and anti- filarial(parasite) properties.
...."Quercetin (80μg/ml) showed the significant reduction in QS-dependent phenotypes like violacein production, biofilm formation, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, motility and alginate* production in a concentration-dependent manner. Synergistic activity of conventional antibiotics with quercetin enhanced the susceptibility of all tested pathogens."
* NOTE: alginate is a key component of Lyme biofilm
A second study: "Quercetin sensitizes fluconazole-resistant candida albicans to induce apoptotic cell death by modulating quorum sensing," by Singh BN1, Upreti DK2, Singh BR3, Pandey G4, Verma S4, Roy S5, Naqvi AH3, Rawat AK1.
NOTE: Bromelian may increase the uptake of Quercetin.
[ 10-11-2016, 12:33 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
ZINGERONE Zingerone is a chemical with anti biofilm properties, found in cooked ginger.
"Zingerone silences quorum sensing and attenuates virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa," by Kumar L1, Chhibber S1, Kumar R2, Kumar M2, Harjai K3. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25704369
...."Anti-quorum sensing dietary phytochemicals may prove to be a safe and viable choice as anti-virulent drug candidates. Previously, our lab proved zingerone as potent anti-biofilm agent hence; further its anti-virulent and anti-quorum activities were evaluated. Zingerone, besides decreasing swimming, swarming and twitching phenotypes of P. aeruginosa PAO1, reduced biofilm forming capacity and production of virulence factors..."
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
MORINGA OLEIFERA of the Moringaceae family Leaves and pods are used widely in Asian cuisine.
Peer review: "Antibiofilm potential of flavonoids extracted from Moringa oleifera seed coat against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans." by Onsare JG1, Arora DS. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25410525
Conclusions; The bioactive component from M. oleifera seed coat has exhibited antibiofilm potential against the test organisms belonging to Gram positive, Gram negative and yeast.
"Oxidative DNA damage protective activity, antioxidant and anti-quorum sensing potentials of Moringa oleifera," by Brahma N. Singhc, B.R. Singha, R.L. Singhb, D. Prakashd, R. Dhakareyd, G. Upadhyayd, H.B. Singhc LINK: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691509000611
[ 10-19-2015, 05:46 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
POMEGRANATE- Punica granatum, Lythraceae family "Screening of traditional Chinese medicinal plants for quorum-sensing inhibitors activity," Koh KH1, Tham FY. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21439518
..."Eight of the selected Traditional Chinese Medicine (80%) yielded QS inhibitors: Prunus armeniaca, Prunella vulgaris, Nelumbo nucifera, Panax notoginseng (root and flower), Punica granatum, Areca catechu, and Imperata cylindrica. Compounds that interfere with QS are present in TCM herbs and these medicines may be a rich source of compounds to combat pathogenic bacteria and reduce the development of antibiotic resistance."
Screening of certain medicinal plants from India for their anti-quorum sensing activity. Zahin M1, Hasan S, Aqil F, Khan MS, Husain FM, Ahmad I. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21250604
[ 11-12-2015, 08:03 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
CURRY TREE --Murraya koenigii The curry tree (Murraya koenigii or Bergera koenigii) is a tropical to sub-tropical tree in the family Rutaceae (the rue family, which includes rue, citrus, and satinwood), which is native to India and Sri Lanka.
Its leaves are used in many dishes in India and neighbouring countries. Often used in curries, the leaves are generally called by the name 'curry leaves,' although they are also literally 'sweet neem leaves' in most Indian languages (as opposed to ordinary neem leaves which are very bitter and in the family Meliaceae, not Rutaceae).
The study below identified Murraya koenigii essential oil as the most promising against quorum sensing and biofilm when tested against mace, nutmeg, curcumin and fenugreek oils:
...."The essential oil of M. koenigii showed the most promising QS inhibitory and anti-biofilm activity at a concentration of 0.02% v/v and hence was used for further studies....."
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
WE WILL FIND A CURE!!!!
Posted by TNT (Member # 42349) on :
I would be interested in any literature about any substance that specifically states it's helpful against "l-form" or "cell-wall-deficient" bacteria.
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
Hi TNT--
quote:Originally posted by TNT: I would be interested in any literature about any substance that specifically states it's helpful against "l-form" or "cell-wall-deficient" bacteria.
Good point, TNT-- these need further research!!
There seems to be very little literature on the pleomorphic forms of borrelia. Here's one study on Pubmed with very interesting pictures, I think it mentioned that doxy did damage the structures, but Im not sure..
"Morphological and biochemical features of Borrelia burgdorferi pleomorphic forms," by Merilainen L1, Herranen A2, Schwarzbach A3, Gilbert L2. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25564498
Quote: ".....There is a long-standing debate regarding the role of pleomorphic forms in Lyme disease pathogenesis, while very little is known about the characteristics of these morphological variants.
Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of B. burgdorferi pleomorphic formation in different culturing conditions at physiological temperature. Interestingly, human serum induced the bacterium to change its morphology to round bodies (RBs). In addition, biofilm-like colonies in suspension were found to be part of B. burgdorferi's normal in vitro growth.
Further studies provided evidence that spherical RBs had an intact and flexible cell envelope, demonstrating that they are not cell wall deficient, or degenerative as previously implied. However, the RBs displayed lower metabolic activity compared with spirochaetes. Furthermore, our results indicated that the different pleomorphic variants were distinguishable by having unique biochemical signatures.
Consequently, pleomorphic B. burgdorferi should be taken into consideration as being clinically relevant and influence the development of novel diagnostics and treatment protocols." Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
MONOLAURIN (glycerol monolaurate) Monolaurin is a monoglyceride derived from coconuts that many studies have shown inhibits both viruses and bacteria.
Peer Review Science: In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of phytochemicals and micronutrients against Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia garinii, by Goc A1, Niedzwiecki A1, Rath M1. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26457476
Abstract AIMS: Little is known about the effects of phytochemicals against Borrelia sp. causing Lyme disease. Current therapeutic approach to this disease is limited to antibiotics. This study examined the anti-borreliaea efficacy of several plant-derived compounds and micronutrients.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We tested the efficacy of 15 phytochemicals and micronutrients against three morphological forms of Borrelia burgdoferi and Borrelia garinii: spirochetes, latent rounded forms and biofilm. The results showed that the most potent substances against the spirochete and rounded forms of Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia garinii were cis-2-decenoic acid, baicalein, monolaurin, and kelp (iodine); whereas, only baicalein and monolaurin revealed significant activity against the biofilm. Moreover, cis-2-decenoic acid, baicalein, and monolaurin did not cause statistically significant cytotoxicity to human HepG2 cells up to 125 μg ml-1 , and kelp up to 20 μg ml-1 . CONCLUSIONS: The most effective antimicrobial compounds against all morphological forms of the two tested Borrelia sp. were baicalein and monolaurin. This might indicate that the presence of fatty acid and phenyl groups is important for comprehensive antibacterial activity.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study reveals the potential of phytochemicals as an important tool in the fight against the species of Borrelia causing Lyme disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Article 2: "In vitro and in vivo effects of two coconut oils in comparison to monolaurin on Staphylococcus aureus: rodent studies." by Manohar V1, Echard B, Perricone N, Ingram C, Enig M, Bagchi D, Preuss HG. LINK:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23767861
........" In vivo, the groups receiving vancomycin, monolaurin, or the combination showed some protection--50-70% survival, whereas the protection from the coconut oils were virtually the same as control--0-16% survival. Although we did not find that the two coconut oils are helpful to overcome S. aureus infections, we corroborated earlier studies showing the ability of monolaurin to do such."
Menaquinone analogs inhibit growth of bacterial pathogens. Schlievert PM1, Merriman JA, Salgado-Pabon W, Mueller EA, Spaulding AR, Vu BG, Chuang-Smith ON, Kohler PL, Kirby JR. LINKE: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23959313
The above study showed that Coenzyme Q1 works in synergy with monolaurin to inhibit pathogenic bacteria.
....."Coenzyme Q1 reduced the ability of S. aureus to cause toxic shock syndrome in a rabbit model, inhibited the growth of four Gram-negative bacteria, and synergized with another antimicrobial agent, glycerol monolaurate, to inhibit S. aureus growth.
[ 11-02-2015, 03:49 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
EUGENOL Plants that contain this chemical agent are cloves of the Syzygium aromaticum species as well as cinnamon; nutmeg; star anise; dill; sweet basil, or Ocimum basilicum; and holy basil, or Ocimum tenuiflorum.
Anti-quorum sensing, anti biofilm, anti parasitic, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, possibly anti spirochaetal.
Do not ingest essential oils without supervision.
In the 1900s, cloves (eugenol) was used to treat syphilis. : "A concoction containing cloves, sandalwood paste, and saffron is said to help in syphilitic affections as an alterative and tonic. This was recently tested in cases of secondary syphilis, with marked benefits to the patients." Link: http://www.herballegacy.com/Syphilis.html
Peer reviewed studies have confirmed the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of Eugenol.
"Antimicrobial activity of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde against extended spectrum beta lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae by in vitro and molecular docking analysis," by Lena Dhara, Anusri Tripathi
Conclusions: Microbiological assays and molecular docking experiments indicated antibacterial activity and significant molecular interactions of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde with ESBL enzymes of pathogenic bacteria
--------------------------- Selected footnotes on Eugenol, from Dr. Schaller's list:
Zhou L, Zheng H, Tang Y, Yu W, Gong Q, "Eugenol inhibits quorum sensing at sub-inhibitory concentrations." Biotechnol Lett. 2012 Dec 22. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID:23264268
Cecchini C, Silvi S, Cresci A, Piciotti A, Caprioli G, Papa F, Sagratini G, Vittori S, Maggi F. Antimicrobial efficacy of Achillea ligustica All. (Asteraceae) essential oils against reference and isolated oral microorganisms. Chem Biodivers. 2012 Jan;9(1):12-24. PMID:22253099
Bagavan A, Rahuman AA, Kamaraj C, Elango G, Zahir AA, Jayaseelan C, Santhoshkumar T, Marimuthu S. Contact and fumigant toxicity of hexane flower bud extract of Syzygium aromaticum and its compounds against Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae). Parasitol Res. 2011 Nov;109(5):1329-40. Epub 2011 May 4. PMID:21541752
Moon SE, Kim HY, Cha JD. Synergistic effect between clove oil and its major compounds and antibiotics against oral bacteria. Arch Oral Biol. 2011 Sep;56(9):907-16. Epub 2011 Mar 12. PMID:21397894
Machado M, Dinis AM, Salgueiro L, Custódio JB, Cavaleiro C, Sousa MC. Anti-Giardia activity of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil and eugenol: effects on growth, viability, adherence and ultrastructure. Exp Parasitol. 2011 Apr;127(4):732-9.. Epub 2011 Jan 25. PMID:21272580
im JR, Sharma S. Acaricidal activities of clove bud oil and red thyme oil using microencapsulation against HDMs. J Microencapsul. 2011;28(1):82-91. PMID:21171819
Pasay C, Mounsey K, Stevenson G, Davis R, Arlian L, Morgan M, Vyszenski-Moher D, Andrews K, McCarthy J. Acaricidal activity of eugenol based compounds against scabies mites. PLoS One. 2010 Aug 11;5(8):e12079. PMID:20711455
Khan MS, Zahin M, Hasan S, Husain FM, Ahmad I. Inhibition of quorum sensing regulated bacterial functions by plant essential oils with special reference to clove oil. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2009 Sep;49(3):354-60. Epub 2009 Jul 14. PMID:19627477
Pinto E, Vale-Silva L, Cavaleiro C, Salgueiro L. Antifungal activity of the clove essential oil from Syzygium aromaticum on Candida, Aspergillus and dermatophyte species. J Med Microbiol. 2009 Nov;58(Pt 11):1454-62. Epub 2009 Jul 9. PMID:19589904
[ 11-12-2015, 05:05 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
YELLOW GUAVA Psidium guajava "Anti-quorum sensing activity of Psidium guajava L. flavonoids against Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1," by Vasavi HS1, Arun AB, Rekha PD. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24698116
"Prevention of Bacterial Biofilms Formation on Urinary Catheter by Selected Plant Extracts," by Adesina TD, Nwinyi OC, Olugbuyiro JA. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26364356
Abstract In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using Psidium guajava(Guava), Mangifera indica(Mango) and Ocimum gratissimum(African Basil) leaf extracts in preventing Escherichia coli biofilm formation........
Biofilm formation on the catheter was induced using cultures of E. coli. Biofilm formation was evaluated using aerobic plate count and turbidity at 600 nm.
From the obtained results, Psidium guajava, Mangifera indica and Ocimum gratissimum delayed the onset of biofilm formation for a week. Ocimum gratissimum coated catheter had the highest inhibitory effect...."
"Antimicrobial evaluation of plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in a rural community in northern Maputaland, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa," by Sandy F van Vuuren, Mduduzi N Nkwanyana, and Helene de Wetcorresponding
[ 11-09-2015, 10:36 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
ACACIA NILOTICA, a substitute for gum arabic Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. is a thorny wattle native to India, Pakistan and much of Africa.
Bark of A. nilotica has been used for treating haemorrhages, colds, diarrhoea tuberculosis and leprosy while the roots have been used as an aphrodisiac and the flowers for treating syphilis lesions (New 1984)
Acacia nilotica contains saponins which are known to kill spirochetes.
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
Burdock root is considered to have an alkalinizing effect.
(Best selling Lyme disease author Dr. Horowitz has observed that drinking alkalinized water (water with lemon or baking soda) can be helpful with Herxheimer's reactions. ) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8Nt0VD28fk
Current peer review studies show Burdock Root's effectiveness against bacterial biofilm:
"Burdock root extracts limit quorum-sensing-controlled phenotypes and biofilm architecture in major urinary tract pathogens," by Rajasekharan SK1, Ramesh S, Bakkiyaraj D, Elangomathavan R, Kamalanathan C. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=lappa+quorum+sensing
SUMMARY: "The study is focused on the root extracts of Arctium lappa Linn. as a source for complementary medicine against three major biofilm forming clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Serratia marcescens. Methanol extracts of burdock roots (BR) showed no bactericidal activity (p > 0.05) against the uropathogens, whereas restrained the biofilms (p < 0.05) on polystyrene and glass surfaces at a biofilm inhibitory concentration of 100 µg/mL. The 3D confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to analyze the biofilm architecture which showed significant reduction in the surface area. Z-stack analysis has also revealed substantial reduction in the biofilm thickness (E. coli-50.79%, P. mirabilis-69.49%, and S. marcescens-75.84%). Further, BR extracts also inhibited quorum-sensing (QS)-controlled cellular phenotypes such as violacein, prodigiosin, swarming motility, and cell surface hydrophobicity."
Another study showing Burdock Root's antibacterial ability:
"In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Arctium lappa as a phytotherapeutic agent used in intracanal dressings," by Gentil M1, Pereira JV, Sousa YT, Pietro R, Neto MD, Vansan LP, de Castro Franca S.
SUMMARY The phytotherapeutic agent extracted from an AcOEt fraction of A. lappa inhibited the growth of all the microorganisms in this study.
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SASSAFRAS albidum of the family Lauraceae Sassafras was used in conjunction with Sarsaparilla for the treatment of the syphilis spirochete in the early 1900s.
Peer review study: "Antibacterial activity of 11 essential oils against Bacillus cereus in tyndallized carrot broth," by Valero M1, Salmerón MC. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=sassafras+antibacterial SUMMARY: The antibacterial activity of 11 essential oils from aromatic plants against the strain INRA L2104 of the foodborne pathogen Bacillus cereus grown in carrot broth at 16 degrees C was studied. The quantity needed by the essential oils of nutmeg, mint, clove, oregano, cinnamon, sassafras, sage, thyme or rosemary to produce 14-1110% relative extension of the lag phase was determined. Total growth inhibition of bacterial spores was observed for some of the antimicrobial agents assayed.
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STILLINGIA SYLVATICA-- in the Euphorbiaceae or Spurge family "Stillengia sylvania"( same plant?) is used as a part of the BLT herbal formula for Lyme/Bartonella, with reportedly good results.
An American remedy of much importance and value, and is extensively used in all the various forms of primary and secondary syphilitic affections, in which it appears to have a most decided action; also in scrofulous, hepatic and cutaneous affections, in which its administration is followed by the most successful results (J. King).
In regard to its effects upon syphilis there appears to be much discordance of opinion among physicians, and this is probably due to the fact that in earlier years it was undoubtedly much overrated, that poor preparations have been employed and that the special conditions favoring its action have not been properly observed. When the specific indications for the drug have been followed the results have been fully as good as have been obtained from any of the antisyphilitics. The cases for its exhibition in syphilitic and other affections are those in which the tissues are feeble and are tardily removed and renewed; the mucous membranes are predominantly affected and the skin secondarily; and the mucous surfaces are tumid, red, and glistening, and secretion is scanty. With these indications it has been very successfully used in syphilitic and strumous diseases, and chronic inflammations with low deposits.
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GOTU KOLA-- Centella asiatica of the subfamily Mackinlayoideae of family Apiaceaea A relative of parsley, Gotu Kola (Indian Pennywort) contains spirochete killing saponins.Triterpenoid saponins, the primary constituents of Centella asiatica are manly believed to be responsible for its wide therapeutic actions.
"Gotu kola (Centella asiatica) has been used to treat many conditions for thousands of years in India, China, and Indonesia. It was used to heal wounds, improve mental clarity, and treat skin conditions such as leprosy and psoriasis.
Historically, gotu kola has also been used to treat syphilis, hepatitis, stomach ulcers, mental fatigue, epilepsy, diarrhea, fever, and asthma. Today, in the U.S. and Europe gotu kola is most often used to treat varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency, a condition where blood pools in the legs. It is also used in ointments to treat psoriasis and help heal minor wounds. INFORMATIONAL LINK (U of Maryland): https://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/herb/gotu-kola
From Herbal Legacy article: " The plant portion above the ground contains a large amount of Vellarin which is a substance that fights infections diseases like leprosy, syphilis, and eczema. Care is taken to dry this herb in the shade to preserve this valuable substance." INFORMATIONAL LINK: http://www.herballegacy.com/Syphilis.html
Peer reviewed article "Pharmacological Review on Centella asiatica: A Potential Herbal Cure-all," by Kashmira J. Gohil,* Jagruti A. Patel, and Anuradha K. Gajjar1 LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3116297/
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ELECAMPAGNE--"ENULA" Inula Helenium--Asteraceae family "Elecampane, Inula helenium, also called horse-heal or marchalan, is a widespread species of plants in the sunflower family. It is native to Europe and Asia from Spain to Xinjiang Province in western China, and naturalized in parts of North America."
Used in the Cowden protocol.
Best selling Lyme author Dr. Horowitz has found Enula to be the only Cowden protocol herb that has shown anecdotal results against Babesia.
A study supervised by Dr. Eva Sapi showed Enula to have synergy with Houttuynia in reducing Borrelia biofilm by 55% in vitro within 72 hours. This combination of herbs also reduced Borrelia round bodies by 61% in vitro. LINK: http://www.nutramedix.ec/Nutramedix-Priyanka.pdf
Additional peer reviewed study shows anti microbial effect of Inula.. "In vitro activity of Inula helenium against clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains including MRSA," by O'Shea S1, Lucey B, Cotter L. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20095126
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CORYDALIS, of the family Papaveraceae(verify) Corydalis turtschaninovii, Corydalis yanhusuo, Corydalis formosa. Wild Turkey-pea. Stagger-weed. N. O. Fumariaceæ
Used by numerous physicians as a treatment for syphilis in the early 1900s.
..."Clinical experience has revealed a specific relation to the manifestations of syphilis: Hunterian chancre; syphilitic nodes; falling of the hair; syphilitic and scrofulous ulcerations of scalp; syphilitic and non-syphilitic ulcerations of fauces─all these have been reported cured by it. It has not been used in the potencies; ten drops of the tincture four times a day has been a usual dose. INFORMATIONAL LINK: http://www.homeoint.org/clarke/c/coryd.htm
OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM -- (Lamiaceae) African Basil High in Eugenol.
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SIDA ACUTA-- malvaceae Used in Buhner's bartonella protocol (typically 1/4 tsp of tincture 1x/day.) Antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, abortifacient, neuroprotective, cardiovascular and cardioprotective, antimalarial, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antioxidant and nephroprotective. May increase or decrease blood pressure.
Sida acuta, the common wireweed, is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family, Malvaceae, of which Hibiscus is the largest genus. It is believed to have originated in Central America, but today has a pantropical distribution and is considered a weed in some areas. In Colombia, the whole plant of S. acuta is used in traditional medicine of the Embera, Wounaan, Cunas and Katíos indigenous tribes, and in others regions of Antioquia, prepared as drinks, ointements and external baths against snakebite toxin.
Active compounds in Sida Acuta include: flavanoids and alkaloids, vasicine, ephedrine and cryptolepine and saponosides.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Neuropharmacological effects of the ethanolic extract of Sida acuta" by Dora M.Benjumeaa, Isabel C.Gómez-Betancura,JulietaVásqueza, FernandoAlzateb, AndreaGarcía-Silvac, José A.Fontenla LINK: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0102695X15002343
"Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Ethnopharmacological Aspects of Four Medicinal Plants of Malvaceae Used in Indian Traditional Medicines: A Review," by Abat JK1, Kumar S2, Mohanty A3 LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29057840
"The genus Sida L. - A traditional medicine: Its ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological data for commercial exploitation in herbal drugs industry" by Dinda B1, Das N2, Dinda S3, Dinda M4, SilSarma LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26497766
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OLIVE LEAF EXTRACT-- Olea europaea, of the Oleaceae family-- active ingredient is Oleuropein "On the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol," by Bisignano G1, Tomaino A, Lo Cascio R, Crisafi G, Uccella N, Saija A. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10504039
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CRYPTOLEPIS --Cryptolepis Sanguinolenta of the family Apocynaceae "Antimicrobial, antiprotozoan and antiparasitic properties. An extract from the root is traditionally used in West Africa to treat malaria. The alkaloid cryptolepine is a potent antimalarial. The plant also has potential for treating Type II diabetes and is considered a powerful systemic antibiotic. It contains the antibacterial alkaloids cryptolepine, quindoline, and neocryptolepine."(Wikipedia overview)
"Cryptolepine-Induced Cell Death of Leishmania donovani Promastigotes Is Augmented by Inhibition of Autophagy, by Souvik Sengupta,1 Sayan Chowdhury,1 Somdeb BoseDasgupta,2 Colin W. Wright,3 and Hemanta K. Majumder1 1Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India LINK: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/mbi/2011/187850/
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ANAMU (Petiveria alliacea) or PHYTOLACCA(POKEWEED), of the Phytolaccaceae family Petiveria alliacea is a species of flowering plant in the pokeweed family, Phytolaccaceae.
Known in English as Garlic Guinea Weed and Guinea Henweed. The Peruvians call it mucura, the Brazilians refer to it as Anamu or Tipi, and it is known as a Guine in other parts of Central and South America. It is commonly used today in the Dominican Repulic, Peru, Guatamala and Brazil with its long history of medicinal uses.
The Guinea Hen Weed is used in teas, extracts, capsules. The leaves and also the roots are used with medicinal purposes. This plant has been used to reduce inflammation and pain. It has been reported to be used to eliminate bacteria, fungi, candida, and viruses. It is also used to enhance the immune system and increase urination). Recent studies report beneficial results in the use of this plant to lower the blood sugar levels and in the elimination of cancer cells. The plant is also used for arthritis, allergies, as therapy for fever, malaria. Besides its beneficial medical uses the plant is also been reported to induce abortions important property that has to take into consideration when used by woman of childbearing age.
Peer Review: "Antibacterial and antifungal activity of sulfur-containing compounds from Petiveria alliacea L." by Kim S1, Kubec R, Musah RA. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16229980
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RED CLOVER-- Trifolium pratense, a member of the Fabaceae family Used in traditional remedies for Syphilis, a spirochete. According to Herballegacy.com, was combined with Burdock seed, Oregon grape root and Blood root for treatment of Syphilis. Link: http://www.herballegacy.com/Syphilis.html
"Antibacterial activity of leaves extracts of Trifolium alexandrinum Linn. against pathogenic bacteria causing tropical diseases," by Khan AV1, Ahmed QU, Shukla I, Khan AA. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23569896
"Antileishmanial activity in Israeli plants," by El-On J1, Ozer L, Gopas J, Sneir R, Enav H, Luft N, Davidov G, Golan-Goldhirsh A. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19508747 SUMMARY: Of the 41 extracts examined, those of two plants (Nuphar lutea(water lily)>Withania somnifera-(Ashwaganda)) were highly effective (with a maximum inhibitory effect of >50%), those of three other species (Pteris vittata>Smyrnium olusatrum>Trifolium clypeatum) were moderately effective (25%-50%) and another four extracts (Erodium malacoides>Hyparrhenia hirta>Thymelaea hirsuta>Pulicaria crispa) showed a marginal effect (15%-22%) against the parasites. Extracts of nine plant species therefore showed antileishmanial activity but only the extract of N. lutea, used at 1.25 microg/ml, eliminated all the intracellular parasites within 3 days of treatment, with no detectable toxicity to the host macrophages. -------------- Clover may also be rich in spirochete killing saponins, and may reduce virulence factors of candida:
"Saponins of Trifolium spp. aerial parts as modulators of Candida albicans virulence attributes," by Budzyńska A1, Sadowska B2, Więckowska-Szakiel M3, Micota B4, Stochmal A5, Jędrejek D6, Pecio L7, Różalska B8. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25050858
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N-phenylglycineamide-p-arsonic acid This chemical was researched extensively by Louise Pearce and Wade Brown of the Rockefeller Institute in connection with spirochete infection, and it was successful in treating experimentally infected rabbits. They concluded that it possessed a high degree of therapeutic action on trypanosomes, and was capable of exerting a definite influence on spirochete infections
"Chemotherapy of Trypanosomes and Spirochete infections," by Louise Pearce and Wade Brown LINK: http://tinyurl.com/nklyrev Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
YELLOW DOCK---Rumex crisps of the Polygonaceae family-- possibly toxic Recommended by doctors treating syphilis in the early 1900s. "Ellingwood's Therapeutist, 1908: The Successful Treatment of Syphilis without Mercury." LINK: http://www.henriettes-herb.com/eclectic/journals/elth1908/12-syphilis.html
Also used as a traditional treatment for syphilis in conjunction with mandrake root, elder flower, poke root, blue flag, sassafras and caraway seeds, according to Dr. Christopher at http://www.herballegacy.com/Syphilis.html
CAUTION: Do not ingest unless under supervision, Yellow dock may be poisonous at higher doses.
Peer review study: "Determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Rumex crispus L. extracts," by Yildirim A1, Mavi A, Kara AA. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11513714
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Melicope lunu-ankenda,of the Rutaceae family Used as a garden salad in Malaysia. Euodia lunuankenda is a species of plant in the Rutaceae family. It is endemic to India.
Leaves of this plant are anti-quorum sensing, anti biofilm.
Peer Review: "Silencing quorum sensing through extracts of Melicope lunu-ankenda," by Tan LY1, Yin WF, Chan KG.
CLOVES Syzygium aromaticum of the Myrtaceae family Clove oil contains Eugenol, which is believed to be responsible for its antimicrobial and anti parasitic properties. Eugenol comprises 72-90% of the essential oil extracted from cloves, and is the compound most responsible for clove aroma. Schaller, an expert in Bartonella, believes that clove oil may be effective for Bartonella.
Peer review: "Inhibition of quorum sensing regulated bacterial functions by plant essential oils with special reference to clove oil," by Khan MS1, Zahin M, Hasan S, Husain FM, Ahmad I.
ARECA CATECHU of the Arecaceae family Anti biofilm, anti parasite. Areca catechu is a species of palm which grows in much of the tropical Pacific, Asia, and parts of east Africa. The species has many common names including the areca palm, areca nut palm, betel palm, Indian nut, Pinang palm, Bing Lang, Areca Nut, Betel Nut, Betel Quid, Pinlag.
The seeds of this palm tree have anti quorum sensing and antibiofilm properties. This herb also ostensibly kills parasites, tape worms, pinworms, round worms, blood flukes and helps expel bodies of worms.
Peer review: Screening of traditional Chinese medicinal plants for quorum-sensing inhibitors activity," by Koh KH1, Tham FY. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21439518
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APRICOT( kernel of seed) Prunus armeniaca, and Prunus mume of the Rosaceae family Quorum sensing and biofilm inhibitor. Used for centuries by traditional Chinese medicine. Recent studies have also shown that Prunus mume extract may inhibit Helicobacter pylori.
Peer Review: Screening of traditional Chinese medicinal plants for quorum-sensing inhibitors activity," by Koh KH1, Tham FY. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21439518
MK615: a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of oral disease, by Morimoto-Yama****a Y1, Matsuo M, Komatsuzawa H, Kawahara K, Kikuchi K, Torii M, Tokuda M. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21565449
"Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori Motility by (+)-Syringaresinol from Unripe Japanese Apricot," by Mitsuo Miyazawa1), Hirotoshi Utsunomiya2), Ken-ichi Inada3), Tomoki Yamada1), Yoshiharu Okuno1), Harunari Tanaka4), Masae Tatematsu LINK: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/29/1/29_1_172/_article Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
IRIS Versicolor of the Iridaceae family-- toxic Also known as Blue Flag. Poison Flag. Flag Lily. Liver Lily. Snake Lily. Dragon Flower. Dagger Flower. Water Flag.
A toxic root used by many physicians as a treatment for the syphilis spirochete in the early 1900s, especially where there was glandular involvement. Should be tested on Borrelia spirochetes/ cysts and biofilm in vitro.
"Methylglyoxal: (active agent of manuka honey) in vitro activity against bacterial biofilms," by Kilty SJ1, Duval M, Chan FT, Ferris W, Slinger R. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22287464 Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
ELEUTHERO (Eleutherococcus senticosus) "Siberian Ginseng" Used in Buhner's Lyme disease protocol
Established antiviral properties. Peer review: "Antiviral activity of an extract derived from roots of Eleutherococcus senticosus," by Glatthaar-Saalmuller B1, Sacher F, Esperester A. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11397509 Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
SERRATIOPEPTIDASE Antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory properties.
Peer Review Science: "Serratiopeptidase: a well-known metalloprotease with a new non-proteolytic activity against S. aureus biofilm," by Selan L1, Papa R2, Tilotta M3, Vrenna G4, Carpentieri A5, Amoresano A6, Pucci P7,8, Artini M9. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26453184
Conclusions: New knowledge obtained from data reported in this paper calls attention to a novel mechanism of action of Spep. This protein could be developed as a potential "antipathogenic agent" capable to impair the ability of S. aureus to form biofilm on prostheses, catheters and medical devices, exploiting a mechanism different from the proteolytic activity.
"Comparison of clinical efficacy of methylprednisolone and serratiopeptidase for reduction of postoperative sequelae after lower third molar surgery," by Chappi D M1, Suresh KV2, Patil MR3, Desai R4, Tauro DP5, Bharani K N S S6, Parkar MI7, Babaji HV8. LINK:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26155332
Conclusions: We conclude that methylprednisolone affords better pain relief while serratiopeptidase exerts better anti-inflammatory and anti-swelling effects in the post-operative period. Synergistic combinations of these two drugs would however prove to be more effective when extensive post-operative sequelae are expected. Key words:Methylprednisolone, serratiopeptidase, pain, swelling, trismus, third molar.
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BOSWELLIA serrata, of the family Burseraceae, also known as frankincense Boswellia has long been used in Ayurvedic medicine.This biblical herb is antibiofilm and antiinflammatory
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: Antistaphylococcal and biofilm inhibitory activities of acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid from Boswellia serrata, by Raja AF1, Ali F, Khan IA, Shawl AS, Arora DS, Shah BA, Taneja SC.
Conclusions: This study supported the potential use of Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid, AKBA in treating S. aureus infections. AKBA can be further exploited to evolve potential lead compounds in the discovery of new anti-Gram-positive and anti-biofilm agents.
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CISTUS creticus -- leaf
Peer review science: Growth inhibiting activity of volatile oil from Cistus creticus L. against Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. in vitro, by Hutschenreuther A1, Birkemeyer C, Grotzinger K, Straubinger RK, Rauwald HW. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20432627
ABSTRACT: "Borreliosis patients from self-help groups reported considerable pain relief after ingestion of Cistus creticus leaf preparations. C. creticus leaf extracts of different polarities such as aqueous, ethyl acetate, hexane extracts as well as the volatile oil fraction obtained by steam distillation were tested for their antibacterial activity against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (Bbss) in vitro using the antibiotic amoxicilline as standard and polysorbate 80 as solubilizer for lipophilic extracts. Comparison of the four plant preparations shows that the volatile oil exerts the strongest growth inhibitory effect. Even concentrations of 0.02% (w/v) volatile oil in cultivation media reduced the total number of bacteria to 2% in comparison to a growth control after an eight-day cultivation period. While the aqueous extract did not reduce bacterial growth, incubation with hexane and ethyl acetate extracts clearly inhibited microbial growth. The main volatile components of the three active extracts tested were analyzed by GC-MS. The number of different labdane-type diterpenes as well as the total relative amount of diterpenes in the samples tested was highest in the essential oil of C. creticus. Identification of ten different volatile labdane-type diterpenes was assigned to the essential oil of C. creticus. Among these, manoyl oxide, 13-epi-manoyl oxide, 3-acetoxy-manoyl oxide and the monoterpene carvacrol were determined to be major constituents, accompanied by minor amounts of 3-hydroxy-manoyl oxide, all of which are known to exert antimicrobial activity."
[ 10-27-2015, 09:38 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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Rhizoma Dryopteridis, Male Fern; Chinese "Guan Zhong" This herb is recommended for Lyme patients by Two Frogs Healing Center for treatment of parasitic coinfections: "Guan Zhong is used kill various intestinal parasites such as: hookworm, ringworm, and pinworm. This herb is used to treat bacterial and viral infections like colds, flu, measles, encephalitis, viral pneumonia, infectious bronchitis, and parotitis because it is effective at eliminating toxins. It also stops bleeding in conditions like hematemesis, epistaxis, hematochezia, and excess uterine bleeding.
Caution: This herb is to be taken separate from fatty or greasy food. This herb is not to be used with infants, people with a weak constitution, or people with ulcers in the gastrointestinal track. It can stimulate the contraction of the uterus and should be used with caution during pregnancy.
Filmarone is an active component in Dryopteridis which has a marked antiparasitic effect against tapeworms. In other studies, Dryopteridis kills roundworms in pigs and liver flukes in humans. This herb has a mild to moderate inhibitory effect against Bacillus dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, E. coli, Pseudonomas aeruginosa, Diplococcus meningitidis, and Staphlococcus aureus. It has a strong inhibitory effect on the influenza virus, adenovirus, encephalitis B, and herpes simplex virus. This herb also has an antineoplastic effect.
"In vitro schistosomicidal effects of some phloroglucinol derivatives from Dryopteris species against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms," by Magalhaes LG1, Kapadia GJ, da Silva Tonuci LR, Caixeta SC, Parreira NA, Rodrigues V, Da Silva Filho AA. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19898869 Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
YARROW "MORA" Achillea millefolium, of the Asteraceae family A component of the herbal Nutrimedix formula "Mora," which was shown to inhibit borrelia biofilm, spirochetes and cysts in vitro by Dr. Eva Sapi.
Peer review science: "TLC-Direct Bioautography and LC/MS as Complementary Methods in Identification of Antibacterial Agents in Plant Tinctures from the Asteraceae Family," by Jesionek W1, Móricz ÁM, Ott PG, Kocsis B, Horváth G, Choma IM. LINK http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26268962
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Terminalia chebula-- "Haritaki" Indian traditional medicine. Quorum sensing inhibitor.
Peer review science: "Ellagic acid derivatives from Terminalia chebula Retz. downregulate the expression of quorum sensing genes to attenuate Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 virulence." by Sarabhai S, Sharma P, Capalash N. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23320085
Conclusion: This is the first report on anti QS activity of T. chebula fruit linked to EADs which down regulate the expression of lasIR and rhlIR genes with concomitant decrease in AHLs in P. aeruginosa PAO1 causing attenuation of its virulence factors and enhanced sensitivity of its biofilm towards tobramycin. ------ "Sustained release of a purified tannin component of Terminalia chebula from a titanium implant surface prevents biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus."by Shukla V1, Bhathena Z.
Peer Review Science: Antiviral screening of British Columbian medicinal plants. McCutcheon AR1, Roberts TE, Gibbons E, Ellis SM, Babiuk LA, Hancock RE, Towers GH. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8847882
"A Lomatium dissectum root extract completely inhibited the cytopathic effects of rotavirus."
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BONESET Eupatorium perfoliatum Used as a part of the BLT herbal formulation designed for Lyme/ Bartonella, with reportedly good results.
Anti-Inflammatory and antiprotozoan properties.
Peer Review Science: 1."Anti-inflammatory activity of Eupatorium perfoliatum L. extracts, eupafolin, and dimeric guaianolide via iNOS inhibitory activity and modulation of inflammation-related cytokines and chemokines," by Maas M1, Deters AM, Hensel A. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21669270
SUMMARY: "Eupatorium perfoliatum L. has been used traditionally for the treatment of fever, malaria and inflammation-associated diseases. Nowadays it is mostly used as immune activating remedy. The following study was performed to evaluate extracts with different polarity and defined lead-compounds from the herbal material on potential in vitro activities concerning immune cell activation, phagocytosis, and inflammation-related processes.....
CONCLUSIONS:Although the postulated immunostimulating properties of E. perfoliatum have not been confirmed, the anti-inflammatory effects can be seen as a verification of the traditional use against inflammatory diseases."
2. An unusual dimeric guaianolide with antiprotozoal activity and further sesquiterpene lactones from Eupatoriumperfoliatum." by Maas M1, Hensel A, Costa FB, Brun R, Kaiser M, Schmidt TJ. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21329950
SUMMARY: "The CH(2)Cl(2) extract of aerial parts of Eupatorium perfoliatum L. exhibits antiprotozoal activity under in vitro conditions, especially against Plasmodium falciparum (IC(50)=2.7μg/ml). The search for active compounds yielded seven sesquiterpene lactones: Four structurally similar guaianolides, one dimeric guaianolide, and two germacranolides. The guaianolides differ in the degree of oxidation at C-14, ranging from a hydroxyl group up to a free carboxylic acid. The dimeric guaianolide, structurally closely related to the monomers, displays an unusual type of interguaianolide linkage between C-14 and C-4. Except for the germacranolide euperfolitin, all STLs described here were hitherto unknown. Furthermore, the flavonoid aglycones eupafolin, hispidulin, patuletin, and kaempferol were identified in the extract, which, except for kaempferol, have not been described as constituents of E. perfoliatum before. The dimeric guaianolide was shown to be the most active constituent against Plasmodium falciparum (IC(50) = 2.0μM) and was less cytotoxic against rat skeletal myoblasts (IC(50) = 16.2μM, selectivity index of about 8)."
3. Effects of homeopathic medications Eupatorium perfoliatum and Arsenicum album on parasitemia of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice, byLira-Salazar G1, Marines-Montiel E, Torres-Monzón J, Hernández-Hernández F, Salas-Benito JS. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17015193
Abstract Malaria is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world and a major public health problem because of emerging drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium. A number of synthetic and natural compounds are now being analysed to develop more effective antimalarial drugs. We investigated the effect of homeopathic preparations of Eupatorium perfoliatum and Arsenicum album on parasitemia using a rodent malaria model. We found significant inhibitory effect on parasite multiplication with both medications with a level of 60% for Eupatorium perfoliatum at a 30 CH potency. Arsenicum album 0/6 gave 70% inhibition but this was less stable than Eupatorium perfoliatum. The number of schizonts was higher in animals treated with homeopathic medications. Although the mechanism of action is unknown, these agents would be good candidates as alternative or complementary medications in the treatment of malaria.
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
RED ROOT Ceanothus americanus--Buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae) Used in Buhner protocol to clear the lymph as a result of pathogen die off. Also used as a part of the BLT herbal formulation designed for Lyme/ Bartonella, with reportedly good results.
Peer Review Science: 1. "Antimicrobial compounds from Ceanothus americanus against oral pathogens," by Li XC1, Cai L, Wu CD. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9276981
Abstract During the search for antimicrobial compounds from higher plant sources, a methanol extract of Ceanothus americanus demonstrated antimicrobial activity against selected oral pathogens. Through further bioassay-guided fractionation and purification, three triterpenes (ceanothic acid, 27-hydroxy ceanothic acid and ceanothetric acid) and two flavonoids (maesopsin and maesopsin-6-O-glucoside) were identified. Among these, ceanothetric acid and maesopsin-6-O-glucoside were new compounds. Ceanothic acid and ceanothetric acid demonstrated growth inhibitory effect against Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia with MICs ranging from 42 to 625 micrograms ml-1. Maesopsin, its glucoside, and 27-hydroxy ceanothic acid, were inactive below the concentration of 500 micrograms ml-1.
[ 10-30-2015, 06:38 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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ASHWAGANDA Withania somnifera, fam. Solanaceae This Indian medicinal herb has recently begun to be used in the Buhner Lyme protocol.
Known as “Indian Winter cherry” or “Indian Ginseng, " Ashwaganda has been used for millenia, and it is one of the most important herbs in Indian Ayurvedic medicine.
Peer Review Science: 1. "Identification of anti-biofilm components in Withania somnifera and their effect on virulence of Streptococcus mutans biofilms, " Pandit S1, Cai JN1, Song KY2, Jeon JG1,2. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25976122
"Of the identified components, linoleic and oleic acids strongly affected the acid production rate, F-ATPase activity and EPS formation of the biofilms. Periodic treatment with linoleic and oleic acids during biofilm formation also inhibited the biofilm accumulation and acid production rate of the biofilms without killing the biofilm bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that linoleic and oleic acids may be effective agents for restraining virulence of S. mutans biofilms."
2. An Overview on Ashwagandha: A Rasayana (Rejuvenator) of Ayurveda, by Narendra Singh, Mohit Bhalla, Prashanti de Jager,* and Marilena Gilca LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3252722/ Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
ASTRAGALUS membranaceus, family Fabaceae
High in spirochete killing saponins. Adaptogen. Antibacterial, antiviral, anti-HIV, antiaging, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, immunostimulative, kidney protective, antidiabetic, may increase production of telomerase. Used in Chinese and Persian traditional medicine for centuries. Used in the Buhner protocol, but not recommended for chronic Lyme.
[ 01-12-2016, 12:06 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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Ranitidine Bismuth Citrate "Tritec" This drug, Tritec, used to treat ulcers, was discontinued by the manufacturer in the United States in 1998. It is unknown why this drug was discontinued since it shows action against borrelia burgdorferi cysts, blebs and granules, which are a reservoir of infection. Bismuth in large amounts is toxic, and may result in death or kidney damage if injected.
Peer Review Science: "Susceptibility of motile and cystic forms of Borrelia burgdorferi to ranitidine bismuth citrate," by Brorson O1, Brorson SH. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12051564
Abstract Gastrointestinal symptoms accompanying Lyme disease have not been considered in the treatment of Lyme patients yet. Here we examine the effect of ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) on motile and cystic forms of Borrelia burgdorferi in vitro, to determine whether it could cure this bacterial infection in the gastrointestinal tract. When motile forms of B. burgdorferi were exposed to RBC for 1 week at 37 degrees C, the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was > 64 mg/ml. At 30 degrees C, the MBC was > 256 mg/ml. When the incubation lasted for 2 weeks at 37 degrees C, the MBC dropped to > 2 mg/ml. Bismuth aggregates were present on the surface of B. burgdorferi when RBC > or = MBC, as shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cystic forms of B. burgdorferi, exposed to RBC for 2 weeks at 37 degrees C, were examined by cultivation in BSK-H medium (Sigma B3528). They were stained with acridine orange (pH 6.4, pH 7.4) and studied by TEM. The MBC for RBC for young cystic forms (1 day old) and old cysts (8 months old) was estimated to be > 0.125 mg/ml and > 2 mg/ml, respectively. Bismuth aggregates were attached to the cysts and, in some, the pin-shaped aggregates penetrated the cyst wall. The bismuth aggregates also bound strongly to blebs and granules of B. burgdorferi when RBC > or = MBC. When B. burgdorferi is responsible for gastrointestinal symptoms, bismuth compounds may be candidates for eradication of the bacterium from the gastrointestinal tract.
[ 11-02-2015, 11:52 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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LICORICE ROOT Glycyrrhizic Acid Ostensibly binds to a botulinum-like toxin produced by borrelia burgdorferi.
Those with high blood pressure should avoid Licorice root.
Information about borrelia "botulinum-like" toxins from the Townsend Letter,February 2006: LINK:http://www.townsendletter.com/FebMar2006/lyme0206.htm "Through the use of DNA manipulations and a database of known protein toxin DNA sequences, a match was made with a selected Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) gene and a specific toxin in the database. Protein generated from this cloned Bb gene was examined biochemically and found to have characteristics similar to that of botulinum, the toxin of Clostridium botulinum, a zinc endoproteinase.
The toxin from Bb belongs to a family of toxic proteins known as "zinc endoproteinases" or metalloproteases, and includes the toxin from the organism causing tetanus as well as those from many other well-known infectious diseases. The structures of this family of toxins are all very similar, as determined by x-ray crystal analysis.2 They all contain zinc and perform the same proteolytic function, namely, cleaving the chemical (covalent) bond between two specific amino acids in a particular protein found in nerve cells.3 The substrate for this enzyme is very large, implying that any inhibitor of enzyme activity blocking the entry of the substrate into the active site must also be very large.
The action of botulinum (as well as the toxin from the Lyme spirochete) is to prevent, through its action as a proteolytic enzyme, the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Nerve endings may be associated with other nerves or muscles (the neuromuscular junction).........
.......A large amount of work is being conducted today in an effort to uncover more inhibitors of the Lyme spirochete toxin. One known inhibitor of toxin activity is the substance glycyrrhizic acid (GA), the active principle of licorice root, used in Oriental medicine for thousands of years."
[ 11-12-2015, 04:50 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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STEPHANIA tetrandra of the Menispermaceae family--root One of the top 50 herbs used in Chinese Traditional Medicine,known as Fen fang ji, and used for inflammatory and circulatory disorders. Stephania is often recommended by Buhner for Lyme treatment. (Do not use the substitute herb, Aristolochia fanghi which is toxic.)
Peer review science: The mechanism of antibacterial activity of tetrandrine against Staphylococcus aureus, by Lee YS1, Han SH, Lee SH, Kim YG, Park CB, Kang OH, Keum JH, Kim SB, Mun SH, Seo YS, Myung NY, Kwon DY. LINK:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22845553
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SKULLCAP or BAICALEIN or SCUTE-- Scutellaria baicalensis
In a recent peer review paper, Baicalein has shown activity against all morphologies of Borrelia Burgdorferi (spirochete, round body and biofilm) in vitro. This TCM herb, also known as "Scute" was often used for "toxic" syndromes such as snakebite and has currently been used for viral hepatitis and leptospirosis.
May cause an elevation in liver enzymes when taken with other herbs such as valerian-- check with practitioner..
The TCM treatment with Scute described for leptospirosis(a spirochete) is the formula "Shuang Huang Lian", which is comprised of scute, lonicera (jinyinhua), and forsythia (lianqiao).
Scute, or Baicalein is one of the active ingredients of Sho-Saiko-To, a Japanese herbal supplement believed to enhance liver health .Baicalein Is a flavone, a type of flavonoid, originally isolated from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis and Scutellaria lateriflora.( It is also reported in Oroxylum indicum or Indian trumpetflower.)
Peer Review Science: "In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of phytochemicals and micronutrients against Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia garinii," by Goc A1, Niedzwiecki A1, Rath M1. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26457476
Abstract AIMS: Little is known about the effects of phytochemicals against Borrelia sp. causing Lyme disease. Current therapeutic approach to this disease is limited to antibiotics. This study examined the anti-borreliaea efficacy of several plant-derived compounds and micronutrients.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We tested the efficacy of 15 phytochemicals and micronutrients against three morphological forms of Borrelia burgdoferi and Borrelia garinii: spirochetes, latent rounded forms and biofilm. The results showed that the most potent substances against the spirochete and rounded forms of Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia garinii were cis-2-decenoic acid, baicalein, monolaurin, and kelp (iodine); whereas, only baicalein and monolaurin revealed significant activity against the biofilm. Moreover, cis-2-decenoic acid, baicalein, and monolaurin did not cause statistically significant cytotoxicity to human HepG2 cells up to 125 μg ml-1 , and kelp up to 20 μg ml-1 . CONCLUSIONS: The most effective antimicrobial compounds against all morphological forms of the two tested Borrelia sp. were baicalein and monolaurin. This might indicate that the presence of fatty acid and phenyl groups is important for comprehensive antibacterial activity.
"Scute: for infection, inflammation, and protection" by Subhuti Dharmananda, Ph.D., Director, Institute for Traditional Medicine, Portland, Oregon
[ 10-15-2016, 06:20 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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cis-2-decenoic acid Active against spirochetes, round bodies and biofilm. A main component of royal jelly.
Has shown results against spirochete, round body and biofilm forms of borrelia burgdorferi, in a recent study by the "Dr. Rath Institute."
"In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of phytochemicals and micronutrients against Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia garinii," by Goc A1, Niedzwiecki A1, Rath M1.
RESULTS: We tested the efficacy of 15 phytochemicals and micronutrients against three morphological forms of Borrelia burgdoferi and Borrelia garinii: spirochetes, latent rounded forms and biofilm. The results showed that the most potent substances against the spirochete and rounded forms of Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia garinii were cis-2-decenoic acid, baicalein, monolaurin, and kelp (iodine); whereas, only baicalein and monolaurin revealed significant activity against the biofilm. Moreover, cis-2-decenoic acid, baicalein, and monolaurin did not cause statistically significant cytotoxicity to human HepG2 cells up to 125 μg ml-1 , and kelp up to 20 μg ml-1
"Cis-2-decenoic acid inhibits S. aureus growth and biofilm in vitro: a pilot study," by Jennings JA1, Courtney HS, Haggard WO
CONCLUSIONS: C2DA inhibited biofilm formation by MRSA at biocompatible concentrations, with increasing biofilm reduction with added antibiotics. Elution of C2DA from a chitosan sponge can be modified through adjusting loading concentration. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22585351
[ 01-02-2016, 08:41 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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NONI Morinda citrifolia Used in the Klinghardt protocol where it is believed to inhibit intracellular forms of the borrelia bacteria
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE:
"Morinda citrifolia (Noni): a literature review and recent advances in Noni research," by Wang MY1, West BJ, Jensen CJ, Nowicki D, Su C, Palu AK, Anderson G. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12466051
Effect of selected local medicinal plants on the asexual blood stage of chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Mohd Abd Razak MR1, Afzan A, Ali R, Amir Jalaluddin NF, Wasiman MI, Shiekh Zahari SH, Abdullah NR, Ismail Z. LINK:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25510573
Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of propolis, Morinda citrifolia, Azadirachta indica (Neem) and 5% sodium hypochlorite on Candida albicans biofilm formed on tooth substrate: An in-vitro study. Tyagi SP1, Sinha DJ1, Garg P1, Singh UP1, Mishra CC1, Nagpal R1. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24347888
[Anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Morinda citrifolia fruit on Ascaridia galli]. [Article in Portuguese] Brito DR1, Fernandes RM, Fernandes MZ, Ferreira MD, Rolim FR, da Silva Filho ML. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20040206 Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
NEEM Azadirachta indica A. Juss--leaf and oil Indian traditional medicine and food. (Fresh leaves are more powerful, and are often eaten daily.)
Anti biofilm, antiparasite,potentially anti-spirochaetal, used as a treatment for second and third stage syphilis in India. Lyme patients report anecdotal results at 1-2 grams per day.
From Curezone (verify citations) "Neem as a cure for 2nd and 3rd stage syphilis has been studied, Mitra 1949, Bhandri 1959 and Puri 1993, and others found Neem effective in 2nd and 3rd stage tetiary syphilis. Suggested use is Neem leaf as a tea taken 3x a day for 2 weeks, or Neem, as a powder in capsules, taken 4x a day for 2 weeks, as a treatment for 2nd and 3rd stage tetiary syphilis. The research on Neem is interesting. It is a challenge to locate verifiable reports and studies out of India on Neem. American MDs have published some similar reports on olive leaf tea and olive leaf and oregano, in oil, in powdered caps." http://www.curezone.org/forums/search.asp?f=336&q=neem&action=Search
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE "Effect of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaf extract on resistant staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and Schistosoma mansoni Worms," by Quelemes PV1, Perfeito ML1, Guimarães MA1, Dos Santos RC1, Lima DF2, Nascimento C3, Silva MP4, Soares MJ5, Ropke CD6, Eaton P7, de Moraes J4, Leite JR8. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26408045
CONCLUSIONS:Neem leaf ethanolic extract presented inhibitory effect on MRSA biofilm and planktonic aggregation formation, and anthelmintic activity against S. mansoni worms.
"Azadirachta indica: A herbal panacea in dentistry - An update," by Lakshmi T1, Krishnan V2, Rajendran R3, Madhusudhanan N4. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26009692
"Leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (neem): a potential antibiofilm agent for Pseudomonas aeruginosa," by Harjai K1, Bala A, Gupta RK, Sharma R. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23737302
Gingivitis plaque may contain spirochetes, hence I include studies on possible treatments for oral spirochetes:
"Effect of two herbal mouthwashes on gingival health of school children," by Sharma R1, Hebbal M2, Ankola AV2, Murugaboopathy V3, Shetty SJ4. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25379471
Abstract ...."This study aimed at determining the effect of indigenously prepared neem and mango chewing stick mouthwashes on plaque and gingival indices.
........ To conclude, all the three mouthwashes were effective antiplaque and antigingivitis agents. Chlorhexidine and neem possess equivalent efficacy in reducing plaque, while chlorhexidine has superior antigingivitis properties."
[ 11-09-2015, 11:13 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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MANGOSTEEN Garcinia mangostana Antispirochetal-- works in synergy with penicillin. Biofilm inhibitor. Xanthones may be the active compound.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Antileptospiral activity of xanthones from Garcinia mangostana and synergy of gamma-mangostin with penicillin," by G. Seesom W, Jaratrungtawee A, Suksamrarn S, Mekseepralard C, Ratananukul P, Sukhumsirichart W.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis, one of the most widespread zoonotic infectious diseases worldwide, is caused by spirochetes bacteria of the genus Leptospira. The present study examined inhibitory activity of purified xanthones and crude extracts from Garcinia mangostana against both non-pathogenic and pathogenic leptospira. Synergy between γ-mangostin and penicillin G against leptospires was also determined.
CONCLUSIONS: Crude extracts and purified xanthones from fruit pericarp of G. mangostana with significant antibacterial activity may be used to control leptospirosis. The combination of xanthone with antibiotic enhances the antileptospiral efficacy. ---------- "Anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Garcinia mangostana extract in hamster opisthorchiasis," by Aukkanimart R1, Boonmars T2, Sriraj P1, Songsri J3, Laummaunwai P4, Waraasawapati S5, Boonyarat C6, Rattanasuwan P7, Boonjaraspinyo S8.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that G. mangostana extract possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and can interfere with parasite development by affecting adult size and egg production. This may be useful for controlling the spread of OV infection and other parasites in endemic areas.
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"α-Mangostin disrupts the development of Streptococcus mutans biofilms and facilitates its mechanical removal," by Nguyen PT1, Falsetta ML2, Hwang G3, Gonzalez-Begne M2, Koo H4. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25350668
[ 11-12-2015, 08:44 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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ALFALFA Medicago sativa Contains spirochete killing saponins, plus the plant compound "norspermidine", a polyamine which may both inhibit and disperse biofilm.
New pharmacological properties of Medicago sativa and Saponaria officinalis saponin-rich fractions addressed to Candida albicans, bySadowska B1, Budzyńska A1, Więckowska-Szakiel M1, Paszkiewicz M1, Stochmal A2, Moniuszko-Szajwaj B2, Kowalczyk M2, Różalska B3. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24850879
Antimicrobial activity of saponins from Medicago sp.: structure-activity relationship. Avato P1, Bucci R, Tava A, Vitali C, Rosato A, Bialy Z, Jurzysta M. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16619355
[ 11-12-2015, 05:43 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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CHLORELLA Detoxification (absorbs heavy metals in colon), probable anti-biofilm agent. Used in the Klinghardt and Horowitz protocols as part of heavy metal detoxification. Always used together with a heavy metal mobilization agent such as Cilantro or DMSA(Dimercaptosuccinic acid).
Dr. H uses Chlorella in conjunction with DMSA( taken once every 3 days to detoxify heavy metals. Dr. H has discovered that Chlorella alone has no effect on "before and after" tests of heavy metals. DMSA does not however cross the blood brain barrier and will thus not mobilize heavy metals out of the central nervous system as Cilantro may do.
Chlorella also contains the plant compound "norspermidine", a polyamine which may both inhibit and disperse biofilm.
[ 01-04-2016, 11:06 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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TRIMETHYLGLYCINE-betaine Chronic Lyme disease and fibromyalgia have been associated with the genetic variation that is linked to Morton's Foot, known as "greek foot" -- where the second toe is longer than the big toe. This body type has a deficiency in a certain type of B6 vitamin known as PLP. Supplementation with PLP, L5-MTHF, B12 and trimethylglycine corrects this deficiency.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE Morton's foot and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate deficiency: genetically linked traits. by Nichols TW Jr1, Gaiteri C2. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25441836
Abstract Vitamin B6 is an essential vitamin needed for many chemical reactions in the human body. It exists as several vitamins forms but pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is the phosphorylated form needed for transamination, deamination, and decarboxylation. PLP is important in the production of neurotransmitters, acts as a Schiff base and is essential in the metabolism of homocysteine, a toxic amino acid involved in cardiovascular disease, stroke, thrombotic and Alzheimer's disease. This report announces the connection between a deficit of PLP with a genetically linked physical foot form known as the Morton's foot. Morton's foot has been associated with fibromyalgia/myofascial pain syndrome. Another gene mutation methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFr) is now being recognized much commonly than previous with chronic fatigue, chronic Lyme diseases and as "the missing link" in other chronic diseases. PLP deficiency also plays a role in impaired glucose tolerance and may play a much bigger role in the obesity, diabetes, fatty liver and metabolic syndrome. Without the Schiff-base of PLP acting as an electron sink, storing electrons and dispensing them in the mitochondria, free radical damage occurs! The recognition that a phenotypical expression (Morton's foot) of a gene resulting in deficiency of an important cofactor enzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate will hopefully alert physicians and nutritionist to these phenomena. Supplementation with PLP, L5-MTHF, B12 and trimethylglycine should be used in those patients with hyperhomocysteinemia and/or MTHFR gene mutation. Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
L-THEANINE, an amino acid in green tea-Camellia sinensis
[ 01-12-2016, 04:28 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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CHINESE NUT GALLS Galla Chinensis Anti fungal. Prevents mycotoxin contamination of wheat. Traditional Chinese herb known as Wu Bei Zi. May bind to borrelia endotoxins in a similar fashion to Cholestyramine,. Should be taken away from other herbs since it has a binding affinity..
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Fusarium Head Blight Control and Prevention of Mycotoxin Contamination in Wheat with Botanicals and Tannic Acid," by Hans-Rudolf Forrer,* Tomke Musa, Fabienne Schwab,† Eveline Jenny, Thomas D. Bucheli, Felix E. Wettstein, and Susanne Vogelgsang* http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3968364/
An excellent survey of toxin binding plants:
"Antibacterial and Antidiarrheal Activities of Plant Products against Enterotoxinogenic Escherichia coli," by J. Daniel Dubreuil
TERMINALIA CHEBULA or Haritaki (Chinese name: he zi) Quorum sensing inhibitor. Another ostensibly toxin binding herb from traditional chinese medicine.(TCM)
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Ellagic Acid Derivatives from Terminalia chebula Retz. Downregulate the Expression of Quorum Sensing Genes to Attenuate Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Virulence," by Sajal Sarabhai, Prince Sharma, Neena Capalash
"In vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of Anacardium occidentale and Mangifera indica in oral care," by Geethashri Anand, Manikandan Ravinanthan,1 Ravishankar Basaviah,2 and A. Veena Shetty LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4333632/
"Chemical Composition, Leishmanicidal and Cytotoxic Activities of the Essential Oils from Mangifera indica L. var. Rosa and Espada," by Eduardo H. S. Ramos, 1 Marcílio M. Moraes, 2 Laís L. de A. Nerys, 1 Silene C. Nascimento, 1 Gardênia C. G. Militão, 3 Regina C. B. Q. de Figueiredo, 4 Cláudio A. G. da Câmara, 2 and Teresinha Gonçalves Silva 1 ,* LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4124710/ Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
Sclerocarya birrea Anacardiaceae-bark Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
Terminalia sericea Combretaceae--Bark Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
Garcinia livingstonei Clusiaceae T. --Bark Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
Brachylaena Transvaalensis Asteraceae--Leaves Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
Acacia burkei Fabaceae--Bark Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
Syzygium cordatum Myrtaceae Hochst.-- bark
African traditional medicine-- same family as cloves.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE:
"Antimicrobial evaluation of plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in a rural community in northern Maputaland, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa," by Sandy F van Vuuren, Mduduzi N Nkwanyana, and Helene de Wetcorresponding author LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4364486/ Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
XANTHONES A potent antispirochete compound found in mangosteen, shown to kill leptospira spirochetes.
Found in: Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen juice), Calophyllum brasiliense, Garcinia hanburyi, Hypericum perforatum and Hypericum calycinum (St John’s wort), Artocarpus obtusus, Psorospermum molluscum,Terminalia calcicola, Streptomyces caelestis, Laggera alata (Asteraceae), Symphonia pauciflora, Ficus congensis (Moraceae), Cratoxylum arborescens (check for xanthone content)
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
ISATIS of the Brassicaceae family A traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatment for Leptospirosis, a spirochete.
SCIENCE: "LYME DISEASE:Treatment with Chinese Herbs" by Subhuti Dharmananda, Ph.D., Director, Institute for Traditional Medicine, Portland, Oregon
HEMIDESMUS INDICUS (root)- False Sarsaparilla; known locally in India as ananthamool, naruneendi, nannari, anant vel, maeen, or mool
Anti-biofilm (anti-swarming and anti quorum sensing) properties
Indian ayurvedic herb used as a blood purifier or as a syrup with lemon.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Screening of certain medicinal plants from India for their anti-quorum sensing activity," by Zahin M1, Hasan S, Aqil F, Khan MS, Husain FM, Ahmad I. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21250604 Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
CURCUMIN (Turmeric) Curcuma longa of family Zingiberaceae Anti-microbial, anti-spirochaetal, anti filarial, anti inflammatory. Effective chelator of copper and iron. May help to chelate aluminum, which has been implicated in Alzheimer's, which has been linked to brain spirochete biofilm infection in two recent scientific studies. Of the Ginger family (Zingiberaceae.) It is the principal curcuminoid of the spice, Turmeric. Turmeric is also an anti-cancer "tyrosine kinase inhibitor," and may also have potential to kill macrofilaria parasites such as Onchocerca.
Scientific evidence shows that curcumin is an effective anti spirochaetal agent against Treponema Denticola, an oral spirochete. PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: Antibacterial Activity of Curcumin Against Periodontopathic Bacteria. Izui S1, Sekine S1, Maeda K1, Kuboniwa M1, Takada A1, Amano A1, Nagata H1.
"Curcumin counteracts the aluminium-induced ageing-related alterations in oxidative stress, Na+, K+ ATPase and protein kinase C in adult and old rat brain regions," by Sharma D1, Sethi P, Hussain E, Singh R. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19020987
[ 10-11-2016, 12:42 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by Lymedin2010 (Member # 34322) on :
"In 2006, a 17 year old student in Mississippi used an ancient Ayurverdic herb called terminalia chebula to penetrate the biofilm and kill the pseudonomas bacteria behind cystic fibrosis."
Thank you Lymed2010-- Excellent info about terminalia chebula. Thanks-- I was starting to feel lonely on this thread....
....but some of the info here has already helped me---( I think the daily pomegranate juice has helped degrade my horrible sinusitis biofilm quite a lot )
WE WILL FIND A CURE! Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
Holarrhena antidysentrica, Tellicherry Bark or Conessi in English; Kurchi in Hindi and Kutaji in Sanskrit of the family Apocyanaceae Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
SIDA ACUTA-common wireweed-- family Malvaceae Anti- protozoan ( including malaria). Probable active ingredient is "cryptolepine." Used for treatment of Bartonella and Babesia in the Buhner protocol-- who considers it a top herb for Bartonella treatment. Buhner considers Sida Acuta to be more effective for Babesia than Artemisinin, which he believes has only a 50% effectiveness rate. Should ber avoided by those with high blood pressure.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE "Antimalarial activity of Sida acuta Burm. f. (Malvaceae) and Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (Fabaceae)." by Karou D1, Dicko MH, Sanon S, Simpore J, Traore AS. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14611894
"Studies on medicinal plants of Ivory Coast: investigation of Sida acuta for in vitro antiplasmodial activities and identification of an active constituent," by Banzouzi JT1, Prado R, Menan H, Valentin A, Roumestan C, Mallié M, Pelissier Y, Blache Y. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15185848
[ 01-13-2016, 03:46 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
CRYPTOLEPIS SANGUINOLENTA - family Apocynaceae Antibacterial; anti malarial; anti protozoan; anti-parasite- traditional African remedy for malaria. Active ingredient is cryptolepine.
Used by Buhner in his Bartonella protocol, but is not considered as effective as Sida Acuta.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "In vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanolic fractions of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta." by Mills-Robertson FC1, Tay SC, Duker-Eshun G, Walana W, Badu K. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22709723
Clinical efficacy of a tea-bag formulation of cryptolepis sanguinolenta root in the treatment of acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Bugyei KA1, Boye GL, Addy ME. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21326984
Schistosomicidal and molluscicidal activities of aminoalkylamino substituted neo- and norneocryptolepine derivatives. El Bardicy S1, El Sayed I, Yousif F, Van der Veken P, Haemers A, Augustyns K, Pieters L. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22338119 Posted by Lymedin2010 (Member # 34322) on :
"At Agile Sciences, we have developed compounds that inhibit bacteria’s ability to turn on the pathways required for biofilm formation. So when we treat bacteria with our compounds, we see significantly less biofilm formation, and we’re also able to disperse existing biofilms. We think the best use of these compounds is in combination with antibiotics. The idea would be for our compound to “pop” the biofilm so the antibiotic could now kill the pathogen.
Support from Bay Area Lyme Foundation has allowed us to identify compounds (known as Agilyte®) that have efficacy against Borrelia burgdorferi biofilms and show synergy with commonly used antibiotics in Lyme disease, including doxycycline (see Figure below), ceftriaxone, and amoxicillin. We’re currently applying for further funding from NIH to develop these compounds as a novel therapeutic to enhance antibiotic treatment of Lyme disease."
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
Thanks-- excellent info, Lymedin2010.
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
AGILYTE - Agelas conifera, a marine brown tube sponge Biofilm inhibitor. Anti-tubercular
U.S. Patent No. 7,987,631, entitled "Inhibition and Dispersion of Bacterial Biofilms with Imidazole-Triazole Derivatives was issued on March 1, 2011. The patent covers the composition and use of compounds exclusively licensed by Agile Sciences from NC State University.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: Debromosceptrin, an alkaloid from the Caribbean sponge Agelas conifera, by Shen X1, Perry TL, Dunbar CD, Kelly-Borges M, Hamann MT. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9784176 Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
HOLY BASIL ( Rama Tulsi) -- Ocimum Sanctum, of the family Lamiaceae Ayurvedic traditional indian medicine herb. Antimicrobial, antiparasitic, ovicidal, larvicidal, antiinflammatory, anti-helminthic, absorbs fluoride and cadmium,antileishmaniasis (when used in conjunction with Boerhaavia diffusa); inhibits oral pathogens.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE:
Antileishmanial efficacy of Boerhaavia diffusa L. and Ocimum sanctum L. against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Kaur S, Bhardwaj K, Sachdeva H. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26349315
Antimicrobial activity of seven essential oils from Iranian aromatic plants against common causes of oral infections. Zomorodian K1, Ghadiri P2, Saharkhiz MJ3, Moein MR4, Mehriar P5, Bahrani F6, Golzar T2, Pakshir K7, Fani MM8. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25793100
Anthelmintic activity of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract against ovine gastrointestinal nematodes in India. Kanojiya D1, Shanker D1, Sudan V2, Jaiswal AK1, Parashar R1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25687816
[ 10-11-2016, 01:19 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
ERYNGIUM AQUATICUM , Apiaceae family -- a.k.a. "Rattlensnakemaster" Traditional native herbal remedy for Syphilis, another spirochete.. The Choctaw people used it as a remedy for gonorrhea, and the Delaware people used it for intestinal worms.
[ 01-12-2016, 11:24 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
BILBERRY Vaccinium myrtillus
Active ingredient -- anthocyanosides.
A leading ingredient of Bio-Botanical Research's Biocidin formula, which is recommended by leading practitioners for Lyme disease support and/or biofilm reduction.
(The formula also includes Noni, Milk Thistle, Echinacea (purpurea & angustifolia), Goldenseal, Shiitake, White Willow (bark), Garlic, Grapeseed extract (min. 90% polyphenols), Black Walnut (hull and leaf), Raspberry, Fumitory, Gentian, Tea Tree oil, Galbanum oil, Lavender oil (plant & flower), Oregano oil (plant & flower).
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
CORDYCEPS SINENSIS A mushroom that is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). No current studies exist regarding its effect on Borrelia or borrelia persisters. But Cordyceps has been shown to increase cellular oxygen absorption which could possibly provide a benefit similar to mild hyperbaric oxygen of which there are many anecdotal success stories.
Cordyceps increases cellular Oxygen Absorption by up to 40% (Lou Y, Liao X, Lu Y. Cardiovascular pharmacological studies of ethanol extracts of Cordyceps mycelia and Cordyceps fermentation solution. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 1986;17(5):17-21,209-213) Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases improvement of 40% after Cordyceps supplement. (Wang WQ. J. Administration Traditional Chinese Med 1995;5 (supp;):24)
more to come....
[ 01-13-2016, 03:37 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WPinVA (Member # 33581) on :
Sorry if I missed it, but is Xylitol on here? Good for biofilms.
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
quote:Originally posted by WPinVA: Sorry if I missed it, but is Xylitol on here? Good for biofilms.
Thanks!! Yes its on the other page. I will eventually reorganize this list into an alphabetic list once I get about 200 compounds, and fill out more info for each compound.
Thanks WPinVA!
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
OREGANUM SYRIACUM-essential oil, family of Lamiaceae Antimicrobial.
Also known as "Syrian oregano," or "biblical hyssop," (not regular hyssop), it is of the mint family. It is the primary ingredient in the coveted spice mixture za'atar, and the plant may also be called za'atar.
Essential oils of both Origanum syriacum and Thymus Syriacum have been shown to be effective against Brucella, an intracellular pathogen researched extensively in biowarfare.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE:
"The Antibacterial Activity of Selected Labiatae (Lamiaceae) Essential Oils against Brucella melitensis," by Al-Mariri A, et al. Iran J Med Sci. 2013 LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/23645957/
"In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Several Plant Extracts and Oils against Some Gram-Negative Bacteria," by Al-Mariri A, et al. Iran J Med Sci. 2014.
CONDRACANTHUS CHAMISSOI Family: Gigartinaceae* Antiinflammatory, anticoagulant. Heavy metal detoxifier used in the Cowden protocol (in the Sealantro formula) Used in the production of carrageenan.
A red algae/seaweed used in Peruvian traditional medicine, and used in the Nutramedix formulas "Algas" and "Sealantro" for the purpose of detoxifying heavy metals that cause Lyme and other coinfections to thrive.
One peer review study has shown it to be effective to absorb both lead and cadmium.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE Journal of Hazardous Materials "Pb(II) and Cd(II) biosorption on Chondracanthus chamissoi (a red alga)" by Andrea Yipmantina, b, Holger J. Maldonadob, Martha Lyb, Jean Marie Taulemessec, Eric Guibala, LINK: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389410012690 ___________________________________ *Synonyms:
Gigartina chamissoi (C. Ag.) J. Agardh Gigartina lessonii (Bory) J. Agardh (1851) Gigartina chauvinii (Bory) J. Agardh (1842) Sphaerococcus chauvinii Bory (1828) Sphaerococcus chamissoi C. Agardh (1820)
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Plant extracts from stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), an antirheumatic remedy, inhibit the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-kappaB." by Riehemann K1, Behnke B, Schulze-Osthoff K. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9923611
"Randomized controlled trial of nettle sting for treatment of base-of-thumb pain." Randall C1, Randall H, Dobbs F, Hutton C, Sanders H.
LINK:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10911825
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
COPTIS teeta, "goldthread or canker root," fam. Ranunculaceae Antibacterial, antiinflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-protozoal. Contains berberine. Medicinal herb in China and the Eastern Himalayan regions of India (Mishmi Hills of Arunachal Pradesh) where it is used as a bitter tonic for treating malaria.
Screening of Coptis teeta Wall for antimalarial effect: a preliminary report. Sharma SK1, Satyanarayana S, Yadav RN, Dutta LP. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8131885
Effects of berberine, a plant alkaloid, on the growth of anaerobic protozoa in axenic culture. Kaneda Y1, Tanaka T, Saw T. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2131648 Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
HORSETAIL Equisetum arvense Antimicrobial, anti-aluminum, anti biofilm, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-mycotoxigenic, anti-mold, anti candida, may be effective against dental spirochetes and/or their biofilm. Aids in wound healing and coagulation*.
Horsetail is extremely rich in Silica, which detoxifies aluminum (which has been implicated in Alzehimer's spirochete biofilm infections.) and which keeps joints and connective tissue supple.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE "Cytotoxicity of Brazilian plant extracts against oral microorganisms of interest to dentistry," de Oliveira JR1, de Castro VC, das Gracas Figueiredo Vilela P, Camargo SE, Carvalho CA, Jorge AO, de Oliveira LD. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23945270
"Equisetum arvense hydro-alcoholic extract: phenolic composition and antifungal and antimycotoxigenic effect against Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides in stored maize," Garcia D1, Ramos AJ, Sanchis V, Marin S. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23355286
"Medicinal plants extracts affect virulence factors expression and biofilm formation by the uropathogenic Escherichia coli," Wojnicz D1, Kucharska AZ, Sokoł-Łetowska A, Kicia M, Tichaczek-Goska D. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22915095
"Discovery of a multigene family of aquaporin silicon transporters in the primitive plant Equisetum arvense," Grégoire C1, Rémus-Borel W, Vivancos J, Labbé C, Belzile F, Bélanger RR. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22712876
*Note: verify -- does horsetail thicken blood
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
BAOBAB FRUIT- Adansonia digitat, family Malvaceae Traditional african food and medicine. Anti-mycobacterial (leprosy, TB). (Note:Drs. H and Z are now using antimycobacterial pharmaceuticals for the most difficult chronic Lyme patients.)
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "The 15-lipoxygenase inhibitory, antioxidant, antimycobacterial activity and cytotoxicity of fourteen ethnomedicinally used African spices and culinary herbs," Dzoyem JP1, Kuete V2, McGaw LJ3, Eloff JN4.l LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25150529 Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
TAMARIND Tamarindus indica family Fabaceae Antimycobacterial.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE "The 15-lipoxygenase inhibitory, antioxidant, antimycobacterial activity and cytotoxicity of fourteen ethnomedicinally used African spices and culinary herbs," Dzoyem JP1, Kuete V2, McGaw LJ3, Eloff JN4.l LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25150529 Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
HOSLUNDIA OPPOSITA Lamiaceae family Antimyobacterial. African Traditional medicine (Mozambique) containing Euscaphic acid, which is thought to be antimycobacterial.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE Bioactive compounds from Lippia javanica and Hoslundia opposita. Mujovo SF1, Hussein AA, Meyer JJ, Fourie B, Muthivhi T, Lall N. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18780245 Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
BACOPA MONNIERA family Plantaginaceae Known as Brahmi and used as a nerve tonic in Ayurveda, the traditional medicinal system in India. Neuroprotective. Contains spirochete killing saponins.
May protect the brain from aluminum poisoning, which may be a factor in Lyme disease and co-infections. Typically taken in doses of 300 to 450 mg per day of an extract standardized to contain 55% bacosides.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Evaluation of Bacopa monniera for its Synergistic Activity with Rivastigmine in Reversing Aluminum-Induced Memory Loss and Learning Deficit in Rats," by Agadi Hiremath Thippeswamy, Mohamed Rafiqcorrespondenceemail, Gollapalle Lakshminarayana shastry Viswantha, Kethaganahalli J. Kavya, Suryakanth D. Anturlikar, Pralhad S. Patki Prevents aluminum toxicity in the cerebral cortex of rats. LINK: http://tinyurl.com/gtt5tmj
MYRRH- Commiphora myrrha or Commiphora molmol; "Mirazid" Antiparasitic (fascioliasis and schistosomiasis), cholesterol lowering, anti-cancer (Commiphora molmol ), analgesic. Used in traditional chinese and ayurvedic medicine. (A related compound, guggul, used for circulatory, rheumatic and nervous complaints.)
Mirazid is an Egyptian drug derived from myrrh.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE
"Mirazid in treatment of three zoonotic trematodes in Beni-Sweif and Dakhalia Governorates," Massoud AM1, El-Sherbini ET, Mos N, Saleh NM, Abouel-Nour MF, Morsy AT. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20503592
Abstract A total of 60 patients with schistosomiasis (40), fascialiosis (15) and heterophyiasis (5) were selected Beni-Sweif and Mansoura Districts and subjected to history taking, clinical examination, Kato thick smear, sedimentation and hatching test (for schistosomiasis cases) at the beginning of the study, 2 & 3 months after treatment with Oleo-resin of Myrrh (Mirazid) in a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 6 consecutive days an hour before breakfast. The results showed a significant improvement in symptoms with minimal negligible or no side effects. The cure rates, 2 & 3 months after treatment were 80.7%% & 11.8%% for schistosomiasis, 93.3% & 6.6% for fascioliasis, and 100% for heterophyiasis. The clinical picture of schistosomiasis before treatments were easy fatigability, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, epigastria pain, abdominal distention, right upper guardant pain, colicky abdominal pain, left upper and/or lower guardant pain, abdominal rumbling, dysentery, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, constipation, and alternating bowel habit. Those of fascioliasis were abdominal distention, dripping of saliva, right upper guardant, colicky abdominal pain, weight loss, easy fatigability, intermittent jaundice, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, epigastria, left upper and/or lower quadrant pain, right layer quadrant pain, loin pain, abdominal rumbling, diarrhea, constipation, and alternating bowel habit. The safety and efficacy of C. molmol extract in treating heterophyiasis (100%), fascioliasis (100%) and schistosomiasis (92.5%) were documented.
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
SILPHIUM LACINIATUM (aster family, Asteraceae ) Silphium breaks down Neuro-toxins; Anti-histamine, Anti -inflammatory, analgesic. Used in Dr. J.'s "Neuro Antitox II" formulation, in conjunction with Salvia Azurea (Blue Sage.)
"Silphium laciniatum has been shown through clinical research (FIND FOOTNOTE HERE) to be possibly the greatest anti-neurotoxin substance found to date. Silphium is thought to breakdown and/or bind microbial neurotoxins. It has demonstrated stellar results in the elimination of the primary toxins released by Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative microbe in Lyme disease, Multiple Sclerosis, ALS and over 350 neuro-toxic illnesses. In regard to Lyme microbes, Silphium also seems to assist in providing the body’s crystalline matrix with the information needed to resolve the pleomorphic phase, L-form of the Lyme spirochete. Clinical research reveals that Silphium may also bind heavy metals, and breakdown isopropyl alcohol, and benzene accumulations, adding to its phenomenal arsenal of beneficial effects. Silphium is recommended to limit herxheimer reactions during any type of antibiotic, antimicrobial treatments." --from Dr. J.s website.
BOTRYOCLADIA LEPTOPODA, marine red alga Antifilarial-- shows activity against adult filarial worms found in deer ticks, Acanthocheilonema viteae.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE "The antifilarial activity of a marine red alga, Botryocladia leptopoda, against experimental infections with animal and human filariae," by Lakshmi V1, Kumar R, Gupta P, Varshney V, Srivastava MN, Dik**** M, Murthy PK, Misra-Bhattacharya S.
ABSTRACT: Abstract The antifilarial activity of the marine red alga Botryocladia leptopoda against rodent and human lymphatic filarial parasites is described. The animal filarial species included Litomosoides sigmodontis and Acanthocheilonema viteae maintained in cotton rats and Mastomys coucha, respectively, while a subperiodic strain of the human lymphatic filarial parasite Brugia malayi was maintained in M. coucha. The crude extract and its hexane fraction brought about a marked reduction in the peripheral microfilarial level in both of the rodent filarial parasites L. sigmodontis and A. viteae. The microfilaricidal effect began slowly from day 8 or 15 after initiation of treatment and increased with time with a very high efficacy at the end of the observation period against both rodent filariids. The microfilaricidal efficacy was, however, not as prominent in the case of B. malayi. The antifilarial activity, which occurred in the hexane fraction, exerted action at a much lower dose. The product killed a significant proportion of A. viteae and L. sigmodontis adult parasites. In the case of B. malayi, although the macrofilaricidal efficacy was much less than that of the rodent parasites, it (hexane fraction) caused sterilization of a significant proportion of the surviving female parasites. The present findings indicate the possibility of developing an adulticidal and female sterilizing agent against filarial parasites from a marine red alga.
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
NIGELLA SATIVA "Black Seed, Black Cumin Seed, and Black seed oil, Habbatul Barakah; Family Ranunculaceae"
Inhibits the activation of an inflammatory factor called NFkB, Nuclear Factor kappa B. (This factor is activated by Bartonella and by cancers, and it promotes angiogenesis and it prevents apoptosis.)
Known in the Koran as the remedy for "everything but death."
Primary compound thought to be active: thymoquinone.
Ant-iinflammatory, may be anti-bartonella.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE:
Antibacterial activity of Thymoquinone, an active principle of Nigella sativa and its potency to prevent bacterial biofilm formation. Chaieb K1, Kouidhi B, Jrah H, Mahdouani K, Bakhrouf A. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21489272
Anti-inflammatory effects of the Nigella sativa seed extract, thymoquinone, in pancreatic cancer cells. Chehl N1, Chipitsyna G, Gong Q, Yeo CJ, Arafat HA.
CLITORIA TERNATEA (Sangu pushpam or Kakkanam) Indian ayurvedic remedy for filarial worms that cause elephantiasis and testicular hydrocele. Research by Alan MacDonald has shown that spirochete DNA is harbored in worms, meaning that blood worms like microfilaria may be a reservoir of infection, similar to biofilm. Anti-parasitic. Used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat filarial and helminth infections. The roots are ground and given in the dose of 1 to 2 gram for filariasis.The seeds are powdered and given in the dose of 1 to 2 grams for filariasis. In traditional Ayurvedic medicine, it is ascribed various qualities including memory enhancing, nootropic, antistress, anxiolytic, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, tranquilizing, and sedative properties
"Natural Products as a Source for Treating Neglected Parasitic Diseases," by Dieudonné Ndjonka,1,† Ludmila Nakamura Rapado,2,† Ariel M. Silber,2 Eva Liebau,3,* and Carsten Wrenger2,*
[ 08-17-2016, 08:57 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
PIPER BETEL Piperaceae family Anti helminth, antibacterial, antihistamine. Addictive.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE "Evaluation of antibacterial and anthelmintic activities with total phenolic contents of Piper betel leaves," by Kazi Nahid Akter,1 Palash Karmakar,1,* Abhijit Das,1 Shamima Nasrin Anonna,1 Sharmin Akter Shoma,1 and Mohammad Mafruhi Sattar2
LINK:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4224709/
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
FICIN (Ficus glabrata) Is a well-known anti-worm remedy used in the tropics by the natives of South America and the Panama region. The latex gathered from these trees has been commercially exploited for decades because of its enzyme properties of papain and bromelain. Even though the enzymes in the plant digest living worms, it is well tolerated and nontoxic to humans when taken internally. Despite this, it still should not be used by pregnant women.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Preclinical and clinical studies with latex from Ficus glabrata HBK, a traditional intestinal anthelminthic in the Amazonian area." by Hansson A, Veliz G, Naquira C, Amren M, Arroyo M, Arevalo G.
ABSTRACT Ficus glabrata latex has been a well-known anthelminthic remedy in the neotropical regions since ancient times. The latex has been commercially exploited for decades because of its content of the proteolytic enzyme-complex ficin. A safe dosage regimen with direct use of the latex has been elucidated to control intestinal helminthiasis in the Indian and non-Indian rural population. Helminthiasis was common in three Amazonian villages, field bases for the clinical study, with an overall prevalence of 92%. Specific prevalences were: Ascaris 68%, Strongyloides 42%, Trichuris 41%, Ancylostoma/Necator 26% and Taenia 1%. Variation in the biological activity of the latex was estimated by using a milk coagulating test. Pharmacological studies with live Ascaris demonstrated a lethal effect at concentrations down to 0.05% latex in physiological saline solution. A clinical trial on 181 persons has resulted in a recommended dosage of 1.0 cm3 of prepared latex/kg per day for 3 days to be repeated every 3 months.
[ 03-22-2017, 10:44 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
BLACK WALNUT- GREEN HULL Juglans Nigra ( also Juglans Regia) Anti parasite, antibiofilm, antispirochete. J. Nigra used by Dr. Hulda Clark in the treatment of parasites. Plumbagin (antifilarial) may be an active compound in Juglans Nigra.
Recent research by Ann Goc and Mathias Rath has confirmed anti spirochete, anti-cyst and anti-biofilm properties, Including an MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) of 100 for motile spirochetes, an MBC(minimal bactericidal concentration) of 250 for round forms and and an EC (effective concentration eradicating biofilm) of 500 for biofilm. (see link below)
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "The anti-borreliae efficacy of phytochemicals and micronutrients: an update" by Anna Goc and Matthias Rath
"Effects of extracts from Italian medicinal plants on planktonic growth, biofilm formation and adherence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus," by Quave CL1, Plano LR, Pantuso T, Bennett BC. (re: juglans regia)
[ 10-25-2016, 08:08 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
POLYALTHIA SUAVEOLENS - active compound is"Polycarpol"; family Annonaceae Significant activity against the vitality of the Onchocerca gutterosa male filarial worm.
"Natural Products as a Source for Treating Neglected Parasitic Diseases," by Dieudonné Ndjonka,1,† Ludmila Nakamura Rapado,2,† Ariel M. Silber,2 Eva Liebau,3,* and Carsten Wrenger2 LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588050/ Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
HOMALIUM AFRICANUM; family Salicaceae
Microfilaricide, Onchocerca ochengi.
"Natural Products as a Source for Treating Neglected Parasitic Diseases," by Dieudonné Ndjonka,1,† Ludmila Nakamura Rapado,2,† Ariel M. Silber,2 Eva Liebau,3,* and Carsten Wrenger2 LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588050/
"Selective activity of extracts of Margaritaria discoidea and Homalium africanum on Onchocerca ochengi." LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21029456 Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
PLUMBAGO INDICA/ROSEA Macrofilaricidal- kills adult filaria. Active compound plumbagin.
Macrofilaricidal Activity of the Plant Plumbago indica/rosea In Vitro, Nisha Mathew,nK. P. Paily, Abidha, P. Vana mail, M. Kalyanasundaram, and K. BalaramanVector Control Research Centre (ICMR), Indira Nagar, Pondicherry, India
[ 10-25-2016, 08:10 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
AURANOFIN
FDA approved drug with gold, used to treat arthritis. Macrofilaricidal (kills adult filarial worms)
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE "Repurposing auranofin as a lead candidate for treatment of lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis'" by Bulman CA1, Bidlow CM1, Lustigman S2, Cho-Ngwa F3, Williams D4, Rascón AA Jr5, Tricoche N2, Samje M3, Bell A2, Suzuki B1, Lim KC1, Supakorndej N6, Supakorndej P7, Wolfe AR8, Knudsen GM9, Chen S10, Wilson C10, Ang KH10, Arkin M10, Gut J1, Franklin C1, Marcellino C11, McKerrow JH12, Debnath A12, Sakanari JA1. LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700363
[ 10-11-2016, 09:51 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
PORIA COCOS; Sclerotium poriae cocos, aka Fu Ling A traditional chinese medicine, Poria Cocos is a fungus known in China as Fu Ling. Some Lyme/Morgellons patients have offered anecdotal evidence that this TCM herb provides relief equal to fenbendazole. It is not known whether Poria Cocos is microfilariacidal(juvenile) or macrofilariacidal (adult).
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: Nematicidal activity and chemical component of Poria cocos, by Li GH1, Shen YM, Zhang KQ.. LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15765052 Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
IMATINIB MESYLATE-- tyrosine kinase inhibitor "Gleevec" FDA approved cancer drug. Also reduces beta amyloid plaques in Alzheimers and has recently been shown to be macrofilaricidal.
Spirochete DNA is often harbored in filarial worms, and worms may thus be a reservoir of infection.. An onchocerca-like microfilaria has been identified in deer ticks, Acanthocheilonema viteae.
Imatinib mesylate is shown to have macrofilaricidal potential, killing adult male and female Brugia pahangi worms in-vitro.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: Investigations of Filarial Nematode Motility, Response to Drug Treatment, and Pathology byCharles S. Nutting
Targeting Filarial Abl-like Kinases: Orally Available, Food and Drug Administration-Approved Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Are Microfilaricidal and Macrofilaricidal. O'Connell EM1, Bennuru S1, Steel C1, Dolan MA2, Nutman TB1. LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657255 ABSTRACT: Abstract BACKGROUND: Elimination of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis is targeted for 2020. Given the coincident Loa loa infections in Central Africa and the potential for drug resistance development, the need for new microfilaricides and macrofilaricides has never been greater. With the genomes of L. loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti, and Brugia malayi available, new drug targets have been identified. METHODS: The effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib on B. malayi adult males, adult females, L3 larvae, and microfilariae were assessed using a wide dose range (0-100 µM) in vitro. RESULTS: For microfilariae, median inhibitory concentrations (IC50 values) on day 6 were 6.06 µM for imatinib, 3.72 µM for dasatinib, and 81.35 µM for nilotinib; for L3 larvae, 11.27 µM, 13.64 µM, and 70.98 µM, respectively; for adult males, 41.6 µM, 3.87 µM, and 68.22 µM, respectively; and for adult females, 42.89 µM, 9.8 µM, and >100 µM, respectively. Three-dimensional modeling suggests how these tyrosine kinase inhibitors bind and inhibit filarial protein activity. CONCLUSIONS: Given the safety of imatinib in humans, plans are underway for pilot clinical trials to assess its efficacy in patients with filarial infections.
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
ARTEMISININ, isolated from ARTEMISIA ANNUA fam Asteraceae Also known as wormwood or sweet annie. Traditional chinese medicine known as "qinghao su." Chinese scientist Tu Youyou, was awarded half of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Medicine for rediscovery of this TCM. Antimalaria, anti-(protozoa, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, antischistosomal (worm), anti- trematode. Anecdotal activity against Morgellons lesions. Active compound is believed to be sesquiterpene lactone. Successful natural treatment for the malaria protozoan infection. May also be effective for tick related protozoan infections such as Babesia.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE "Impact of extended artesunate duration on parasitological outcome in a cytocidal murine malaria model," by Walker LA1, Sullivan DJ Jr2. LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28096162
"Artemisinin and its derivatives in treating protozoan infections beyond malaria," by Loo CS1, Lam NS1, Yu D1, Su XZ2, Lu F3. ABSTRACT: Parasitic protozoan diseases continue to rank among the world's greatest global health problems, which are also common among poor populations. Currently available drugs for treatment present drawbacks, urging the need for more effective, safer, and cheaper drugs. Artemisinin (ART) and its derivatives are some of the most important classes of antimalarial agents originally derived from Artemisia annua L. However, besides the outstanding antimalarial and antischistosomal activities, ART and its derivatives also possess activities against other parasitic protozoa. In this paper we review the activities of ART and its derivatives against protozoan parasites in vitro and in vivo, including Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Eimeria tenella, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Naegleria fowleri, Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Babesia spp. We conclude that ART and its derivatives may be good alternatives for treating other non-malarial protozoan infections in developing countries, although more studies are necessary before they can be applied clinically. LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27867026 --------- "Effect of Artemisia annua extract on treating active rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized controlled tria"l LINK: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11655-016-2650-7
[ 03-13-2017, 02:15 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
Acanthocheilonema viteae--BACKGROUND INFO A. Viteae is a rodent Filarial worm identified in deer ticks which may also harbor borrelia burgdorferi DNA, rickettsia-like organisms, and bartonella-like organisms. A. Viteae has Onchocerca-like characteristics. It is not known whether this worm can infect human beings. Unlike other filaria, it is not dependent on the wolbachia bacteria, hence doxycycline probably does not work to sterllize A. Viteae.
Research on filariacidal drugs effective against Acanthocheilonema viteae.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE "Experimental chemotherapy of filariasis: comparative evaluation of the efficacy of filaricidal compounds in Mastomys coucha infected with Litomosoides carinii, Acanthocheilonema viteae, Brugia malayi and B. pahangi. Zahner H1, Schares G. LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8094587
"Abstract Eleven types/classes of compound with antifilarial activity were comparatively evaluated in Mastomys coucha infected with Litomosoides carinii, Acanthocheilonema viteae, Brugia malayi or B. pahangi. The paper deals with the efficacy of (i) predominantly microfilaricidal compounds [diethylcarbamazine, levamisole, avermectins (ivermectin, milbemycin), nitrofurans (nitrofurantoin, hydroxymethylnitrofurantoin, nifurtimox, furazolidone, furapyrimidone), organophosphorals (metrifonate, haloxon), and aminophenyl-amidines], (ii) predominantly macrofilaricidal compounds [suramin, benzimidazoles (flubendazole, mebendazole, oxfendazole, ciclobendazole, albendazole, cambendazole, fenbendazole), and arsenicals (thiacetarsamide, Mel PH, R7/45)], and (iii) micro- and macrofilaricidal compounds [benzazole derivatives (CGP 20376 and other benzothiazoles) and nitrophenylamines (amoscanate, CGP 6140)]. Minimum effective doses against microfilariae and minimum curative doses against adult filariae as well as detailed data on dose-efficacy relationships are reported for the various drugs. The results obtained in M. coucha are compared with those published for other experimental in vivo filarial systems, thus attempting to describe a general status of in vivo antifilarial activity of the compounds." ------------
"Assessment of microfilarial loads in the skin of onchocerciasis patients after treatment with different regimens of doxycycline plus ivermectin," Debrah A.Y., Mand S., Marfo-Debrekyei Y., Larbi J., Adjei O. and Hoerauf A. Debrah A.Y., Mand S., Marfo-Debrekyei Y., Larbi J., Adjei O. and Hoerauf A. Filaria Journal 2006 5:- (10p)
[ 10-14-2016, 12:46 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
NEUROLAENA LOBATA "Jackass Bitters" -- Asteraceae Anti-parasitic. Guatemalan traditional medicine, recently found to be an effective macrofilaricide. Probable active compound is sesquiterpene dialdehyde. Also known by the names Jackass Bitters (you have to be a jackass to drink something so bitter), Zeb-a-pique, Tres Puntas, or La Gavilana.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE Natural Products as a Source for Treating Neglected Parasitic Diseases by Dieudonné Ndjonka,1,† Ludmila Nakamura Rapado,2,† Ariel M. Silber,2 Eva Liebau,3,* and Carsten Wrenger2,*
Macrofilaricidal and microfilaricidal effects of Neurolaena lobata, a Guatemalan medicinal plant, on Brugia pahangi. Fujimaki Y1, Kamachi T, Yanagi T, Cáceres A, Maki J, Aoki Y LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15831109/
ABSTRACT: Twelve extracts of 11 Guatemalan medicinal plants were initially screened in vitro for potential macrofilaricidal activity against Brugia pahangi, a lymphatic dwelling filarial worm, using concentrations from 125 to 1000 microg ml(-1) of each extract that could be dissolved in the culture medium. Of 12 extracts used, the ethanol extract of leaves of Neurolaena lobata showed the strongest activity against the motility of adult worms. Subsequently, the extract of N. lobata was extensively examined in vitro for macro- and micro-filaricidal effects using a series of concentrations of 500, 250, 100, 50 and 10 microg ml(-1). The effects were assessed by worm motility, microfilarial release by female worms and a MTT assay. The effect on the motility of adult worms was observed in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The time required to stop motility of both sexes of adult worms was 6 h at 500 microg ml(-1), 24 h at 250 microg ml(-1), and 3 days for females and 4 days for males at 100 microg ml(-1). The movement of females ceased at 4 days at a concentration of 50 microg ml(-1) whereas the motility of males was only reduced. The loss of worm's viability was confirmed by the MTT assay and was similar to the motility results. These concentrations, including 10 microg ml(-1), prevented microfilarial release by females in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Concentrations higher than 100 microg ml(-1) even induced mortality of the microfilariae. The present study suggested that the ethanol extract of Neurolaena lobata has potential macro- and micro-filaricidal activities.
[ 03-08-2017, 04:51 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
MAMMEA AMERICANA-- Yellow Mamey Anti bacterial, anti-trypanosomal, anti-nematode, anti mycobacterial, possibly antispirochaetal. Is used as a treatment for skin parasites. Active ingredient may be xanthones which are also found in mangosteen, a related plant. Should be distinguished from Mamey Sapote, which is a different plant.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE Susceptibility of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans to Antibacterial Effect from Mammea americana. Herrera Herrera A1, Franco Ospina L2, Fang L1, Díaz Caballero A1. LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24864137
Trypanocidal constituents in plants: 7. Mammea-type coumarins. Reyes-Chilpa R1, Estrada-Muñiz E, Vega-Avila E, Abe F, Kinjo J, Hernández-Ortega S.
[ 10-25-2016, 08:22 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
BRUCEA JAVANICA Simaroubaceae Now used in the Buhner protocol for Babesia, a protozoan parasite that infects red blood cells. Probable active compounds are quassinoids, a potent group of natural products possessing antimalarial, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "The effects of extracts from anti-diarrheic Thai medicinal plants on the in vitro growth of the intestinal protozoa parasite: Blastocystis hominis" by Sawangjaroen N1, Sawangjaroen K. RESULTS SUMMARY Dichloromethane and methanol extracts from the Brucea javanica seed and a methanol extract from Quercus infectoria nut gall showed the highest activity. At a concentration of 2000 microg/mL, the three extracts killed 82, 75 and 67% of the Blastocystis hominis samples tested and inhibited 94, 100 and 76% of them, respectively.
Metronidazole, used as a reference antiprotozoan drug, at a concentration of 40 microg/mL, killed 97% of the Blastocystis hominis isolates and inhibited all samples tested at concentrations that ranged from 1.25 to 20 microg/mL." LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=brucea+javanica+protozoan Posted by foxy loxy (Member # 47053) on :
What about L arginine? (and or the nitric oxide it produces?)
ABSTRACT: The amino acid L-arginine inhibits bacterial coaggregation, is involved in cell-cell signaling, and alters bacterial metabolism in a broad range of species present in the human oral cavity. Given the range of effects of L-arginine on bacteria, we hypothesized that L-arginine might alter multi-species oral biofilm development and cause developed multi-species biofilms to disassemble. Because of these potential biofilm-destabilizing effects, we also hypothesized that L-arginine might enhance the efficacy of antimicrobials that normally cannot rapidly penetrate biofilms. A static microplate biofilm system and a controlled-flow microfluidic system were used to develop multi-species oral biofilms derived from pooled unfiltered cell-containing saliva (CCS) in pooled filter-sterilized cell-free saliva (CFS) at 37oC. The addition of pH neutral L-arginine monohydrochloride (LAHCl) to CFS was found to exert negligible antimicrobial effects but significantly altered biofilm architecture in a concentration-dependent manner. Under controlled flow, the biovolume of biofilms (μm3/μm2) developed in saliva containing 100-500 mM LAHCl were up to two orders of magnitude less than when developed without LAHCI. Culture-independent community analysis demonstrated that 500 mM LAHCl substantially altered biofilm species composition: the proportion of Streptococcus and Veillonella species increased and the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria such as Neisseria and Aggregatibacter species was reduced. Adding LAHCl to pre-formed biofilms also reduced biovolume, presumably by altering cell-cell interactions and causing cell detachment. Furthermore, supplementing 0.01% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), an antimicrobial commonly used for the treatment of dental plaque, with 500 mM LAHCl resulted in greater penetration of CPC into the biofilms and significantly greater killing compared to a non-supplemented 0.01% CPC solution. Collectively, this work demonstrates that LAHCl moderates multi-species oral biofilm development and community composition and enhances the activity of CPC. The incorporation of LAHCl into oral healthcare products may be useful for enhanced biofilm control.
Posted by bluelyme (Member # 47170) on :
MELITTIN Melittin is the principal active ingredient of bee venom (apitoxin). Melittin has been shown to produce profound inhibitory effects on borrelia burgdorferi.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE "The Antimicrobial Agent Melittin Exhibits Powerful In Vitro Inhibitory Effects on the Lyme Disease Spirochete," by Lori L. Lubke Claude F. Garon
ABSTRACT: Borrelia burgdorferi has demonstrated a capacity to resist the in vitro effects of powerful eukaryotic and prokaryotic metabolic inhibitors. However, treatment of laboratory cultures on Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly medium with melittin, a 26-amino acid peptide contained in honeybee venom, showed immediate and profound inhibitory effects when they were monitored by dark-field microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and optical density measurements. Furthermore, at melittin concentrations as low as 100 µg/mL, virtually all spirochete motility ceased within seconds of inhibitor addition. Ultrastructural examination of these spirochetes by scanning electron microscopy revealed obvious alterations in the surface envelope of the spirochetes. The extraordinary sensitivity of B. burgdorferi to mellitin may provide both a research reagent useful in the study of selective permeability in microorganisms and important clues to the development of effective new drugs against lyme disease." ------------------------
"Antimicrobial activity of apitoxin, melittin and phospholipase A₂ of honey bee (Apis mellifera) venom against oral pathogens," by Leandro LF1, Mendes CA1, Casemiro LA1, Vinholis AH1, Cunha WR1, de Almeida R1, Martins CH1.
LINK:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25806982
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
Excellent addition-- thank you, bluelyme.. I added your link plus a 1997 study I have never seen before that relates Melittin directly to Borrelia inhibition.
It does seem that some of the research that is relevant to ORAL PATHOGENS (many of which are spirochetes in biofilm communities/plaques--- is relevant to Borrelia Burgdorferi.
************WE WILL FIND A CURE!!***********
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
CISTUS INCANUS Antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-spirochete, anti-biofilm, antioxidant. Used as a tea and in essential oil. Cistus tea is used in the Kllinghadt protocol.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Growth inhibiting activity of volatile oil from Cistus creticus L. against Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. in vitro," by Hutschenreuther A1, Birkemeyer C, Grötzinger K, Straubinger RK, Rauwald HW.
ABSTRACT: Borreliosis patients from self-help groups reported considerable pain relief after ingestion of Cistus creticus leaf preparations. C. creticus leaf extracts of different polarities such as aqueous, ethyl acetate, hexane extracts as well as the volatile oil fraction obtained by steam distillation were tested for their antibacterial activity against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (Bbss) in vitro using the antibiotic amoxicilline as standard and polysorbate 80 as solubilizer for lipophilic extracts. Comparison of the four plant preparations shows that the volatile oil exerts the strongest growth inhibitory effect. Even concentrations of 0.02% (w/v) volatile oil in cultivation media reduced the total number of bacteria to 2% in comparison to a growth control after an eight-day cultivation period. While the aqueous extract did not reduce bacterial growth, incubation with hexane and ethyl acetate extracts clearly inhibited microbial growth. The main volatile components of the three active extracts tested were analyzed by GC-MS. The number of different labdane-type diterpenes as well as the total relative amount of diterpenes in the samples tested was highest in the essential oil of C. creticus. Identification of ten different volatile labdane-type diterpenes was assigned to the essential oil of C. creticus. Among these, manoyl oxide, 13-epi-manoyl oxide, 3-acetoxy-manoyl oxide and the monoterpene carvacrol were determined to be major constituents, accompanied by minor amounts of 3-hydroxy-manoyl oxide, all of which are known to exert antimicrobial activity.
"An Essential Role for Coagulase in Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Development Reveals New Therapeutic Possibilities for Device-Related Infections." by Zapotoczna M1, McCarthy H2, Rudkin JK2, O'Gara JP2, O'Neill E3.
Abstract High-level resistance to antimicrobial drugs is a major factor in the pathogenesis of chronic Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-associated, medical device-related infections. Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis revealed that biofilms grown for ≤ 24 hours on biomaterials conditioned with human plasma under venous shear in iron-free cell culture medium were significantly more susceptible to antistaphylococcal antibiotics. Biofilms formed under these physiologically relevant conditions were regulated by SaeRS and dependent on coagulase-catalyzed conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin. In contrast, SarA-regulated biofilms formed on uncoated polystyrene in nutrient-rich bacteriological medium were mediated by the previously characterized biofilm factors poly-N-acetyl glucosamine, fibronectin-binding proteins, or autolytic activity and were antibiotic resistant. Coagulase-mediated biofilms exhibited increased antimicrobial resistance over time (>48 hours) but were always susceptible to dispersal by the fibrinolytic enzymes plasmin or nattokinase. Biofilms recovered from infected central venous catheters in a rat model of device-related infection were dispersed by nattokinase, supporting the important role of the biofilm phenotype and identifying a potentially new therapeutic approach with antimicrobials and fibrinolytic drugs, particularly during the early stages of device-related infection.
BAUHINIA RACEMOSA fam Fabaceae Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anti fungal. Indian traditional medicine, known as the Bidi leaf tree or katmauli. Used for rashes, acne, ulcers and cough. In vitro evidence against helminths (worms).
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Investigation of in-vitro anthelmintic activity of Bauhinia racemosa linn." by Tekeshwar Kumar, Amit Alexander, Ajazuddin, Dhansay Dewangan, Junaid Khan and Mukesh Sharma
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Bauhinia racemosa Lam. and Chemical Content, by Rashed K1, Butnariu M2. LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25276210 Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
HIBISCUS MUTABILIS fam Malvaceae Anti filarial. Active compound ferulic acid.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Effect of ferulic acid from Hibiscus mutabilis on filarial parasite Setaria cervi: molecular and biochemical approaches," by Saini P1, Gayen P, Nayak A, Kumar D, Mukherjee N, Pal BC, Sinha Babu SP.
Ferulic Acid: A Hope for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy from Plants, by Sgarbossa A1, Giacomazza D2, di Carlo M3. LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26184304 Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
METHYSULFONYLMETHANE --MSM Anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritis, anti-parasitic, anecdotal effectiveness against morgellons.
More to come...
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
LIMONIA ACIDISSIMA fam Rutaceae A sacred indian traditional medicine plant, also a favorite of elephants and known as "Wood Apple" "Elephant Apple, or "Bael fruit." Antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-tubercular, antiparasite (5 grams of Bael power twice daily is used to eliminate worms), anti dysentary, ovicidal, antifungal, blood detoxifier (snake bite), anti-hypertensive, anti-malarial, anti-diabetic.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Ovicidal and Oviposition Deterrent Activities of Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Aedes aegypti L. and Culex quinquefasciatus Say Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)" by Appadurai Daniel Reegan,∗ Munusamy Rajiv Gandhi, Micheal Gabriel Paulraj, and Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu
RESULTS Among the different extracts of the five plants screened, the hexane extract of L. acidissima recorded the highest ovicidal activity of 79.2% and 60% at 500 ppm concentration against the eggs of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti, respectively. Similarly, the same hexane extract of L. acidissima showed 100% oviposition deterrent activity at all the tested concentrations against Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti adult females.
M1 (glycolysis - inflammatory) and M2 (Oxidative phosphorylation - resolving) macrophages have different levels of iron and function differently.
M1 less, M2 more.
Bee venom therapy did not work.
Look for in vivo when researching, not in vitro. It makes a difference.
Posted by Water Jaguar (Member # 50023) on :
Hello Wakeup and all, I would like to propose Dragon's Blood/Sangre de Grado to this list. I will see what I can dig up as far as research.
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
quote:Originally posted by Water Jaguar: Hello Wakeup and all, I would like to propose Dragon's Blood/Sangre de Grado to this list. I will see what I can dig up as far as research.
Good suggestion, Jaguar-- add Sangre de Drago with one or more scientific links, when you get a chance--- I love these traditional remedies because generations of caring grandmothers are usually "onto" something when they give herbs to their families decades after decade. This anecdotal list of "herbal leads" is a good approach because a Chinese scientist recently won the nobel prize off her work on a traditional medicine--- artemisinin-- so it behooves our community to keep a careful "research and anecdotal" eye on all these herbs-- one might end up being a magic bullet for us. Who knows-- some billionaire may decide to fully research everything on this list one day. Thanks!!
WE WILL FIND A CURE!!!!
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
quote:Originally posted by Marnie: Google this:
LuxS quorum sensing biofilm
Thanks Marnie. This thread is mostly about generating natural compound research leads-- since there is very little in vivo science available right now-- but good point--- "vivo" (in live animals) is always better than vitro (in a petri dish). The problem right now is that there is barely any in vitro research, much less vivo.. research on natural compounds--- big pharma hates them because they cannot be patented.
We need a billionaire to finance compound screening research--- since our beloved government is stonewalling us.
Lyme disease is weakly gram negative, and thus probably uses a LUX-r quorum sensing receptor to create biofilm, although it is not known yet. Do you have any scientific links showing the mechanisms of Lux-s receptor with regard to borrelia? Quorum sensing is really complex, and varies according to the organism and or groups of organisms, plus the gram negative or positive status of the organism.
This study might be a good lead for more herbals (berberis aristata was one--- with respect to disabling the Lux-s biofilm mechanism:
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Attenuation of adhesion, quorum sensing and biofilm mediated virulence of carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli by selected natural plant products," by Thakur P1, Chawla R2, Tanwar A1, Chakotiya AS1, Narula A3, Goel R1, Arora R4, Sharma RK1.
SUMMARY: The findings indicated clearly that B. aristata (Family: Berberidaceae) and C. sinensis (Family: Theaceae) were potent herbal leads with significant therapeutic potential which further needs to be explored at pre-clinical level in the future.
Posted by bluelyme (Member # 47170) on :
Marnie-bvt ineffective?
And i followed your other post to gallium nitrate for arthritis ? Has any one tried this horse stuff? Ol blue is goin out to pasture
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
STEMONA JAPONICA In Traditional Chinese Medicine, (TCM) known as Bai Bu Anti helminth, anti-strongyl, anti-parasitic, anti-candida, anti ascarid.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "DRUG TRIALS FOR TREATMENT OF HUMAN ANGIOSTRONGYLIASIS," by Márcia Bohrer MENTZ(1) & Carlos GRAEFF-TEIXEIR
SUMMARY: Abdominal and cerebral angiostrongyliasis are two important infections produced by metastrongylid worms, the former occurring in Central and South America and the later in Asia and Pacific Islands. Drug treatment is a challenge since the worms and its evolving larvae live or migrate inside vessels and efficient killing of the parasites may produce more severe lesions. Larvicidal effect of certain drugs appears to be more easily accomplished but this outcome is not useful in abdominal angiostrongyliasis since clinical manifestations appear to result from sexual maturation of the worms. We review the drug trials in murine experimental models and conclude that most of them could not be considered good candidates for treatment of human infection, except for PF1022A, pyrantel and flubendazole.
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
ABSTRACT: Vanadium in fine subdivision exercises a curative effect on experimental syphilis when suspended in olive oil, but when the medium of suspension is an isotonic (30 per cent.) solution of glucose the action is very feeble.
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
CHALMOOGRA OIL Hydnocarpus wightiana, fam Achariaceae A traditional chinese and ayurvedic medicine. Active compound is hydnocarpic acid, marketed as "Alepol" by Burroughs Wellcome as a treatment for Leprosy. Anti-treponeme, anti-leprosy, anti mycobacterial. Potentiates/synergistic with berberine.
More to come...
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
BACOPA MONNIERA Active compound "bacoside A" Antibiofilm, antimicrobial
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Effect of Bacoside A on growth and biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa," by Debaprasad Parai,† Ekramul Islam,† Jayati Mitra,† Samir Kumar Mukherjee†, Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, India.
ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to evaluate the antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities of Bacoside A, a formulation of phytochemicals from Bacopa monnieri, against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are known to form biofilms as one of their virulence traits. The antimicrobial effects of Bacoside A were tested using the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration assays. A cell membrane disruption assay was performed to find its possible target site. MTT assay, crystal violet assay, and microscopic studies were performed to assess the antibiofilm activity. Bacoside A showed antimicrobial activity against both test organisms in their planktonic and biofilm states. At a subminimum inhibitory concentration of 200 μg·mL−1, Bacoside A significantly removed ∼88%–93% of bacterial biofilm developed on microtiter plates. Biochemical and microscopic studies suggested that the eradication of biofilm might be due to the loss of extracellular polymeric substances and to a change in cell membrane integrity of the selected bacterial strains treated with Bacoside A. These results indicate that Bacoside A might be considered as an antimicrobial having the ability to disrupt biofilms. Thus, either alone or in combination with other therapeutics, Bacoside A could be useful to treat biofilm-related infections caused by opportunistic bacterial pathogens.
Keywords: Bacoside A, biofilm eradication, extracellular polymeric substances, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE "Biofilm inhibition formation of clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutans, photocatalytic activity of azo dye and GC–MS analysis of leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa," by V. Sai Saraswathia, Neethu Kamarudheenb, K.V. Bhaskara Raob, K. Santhakumarc
ABSTRACT The investigation was conducted to analyse the bioactive compounds from the leaf extracts of L. speciosa by GC–MS. The extracts were screened for antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against potential clinical strains. The bioactive compounds from the leaves of L. speciosa were extracted by soxhlet continuous extraction method and their chemical composition was analysed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy (GC–MS). The antibacterial activity was evaluated against clinical strain like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi by well diffusion technique. We also screened for antibacterial property against common food borne pathogens namely Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus at varied concentration 250 μ ml− 1 to 1000 μ ml− 1. Thereafter antibiofilm assay was carried out at from 250 to 1000 μg/ml against P. aeruginosa (high biofilm forming pathogen) clinical strain by cover slip technique and the morphology of the pathogen was observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy-(SEM). It was observed that diverse class of secondary metabolites were found by GC–MS analysis for all the extracts upon the continuous extraction. It was found that only minimum inhibition was seen in alcoholic extract for antibacterial activity, whereas all other extracts showed negligible activity. P. aeruginosa biofilm inhibited to 93.0 ± 2% and 91 ± 2% at higher concentration (1000 μg/ml) for methanolic and ethanolic extract respectively. Absence of extracellular matrix structure and the surface cracking of biofilm were viewed by SEM, which confirmed the antibiofilm activity. Hence this study reveals that L. speciosa showed significant antibiofilm activity against P. aeruginosa due to the phytoconstituents present in the leaf extracts which was well documented in the alcoholic extracts by GC–MS analysis. The methanolic and ethanolic extract showed good photocatalytic activity of 77.44% and 96.66% against azo dye degradation respectively. Further, isolating the novel phyto-compounds would yield better promising biological activities.
GREWIA TRICHOCARPA Traditional Kenyan herbal remedy for malaria, thus making it a possible candidate for the eradication of Lyme cysts.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Brine shrimp toxicity and antimalarial activity of some plants traditionally used in treatment of malaria in Msambweni district of Kenya," J.M.Nguta., J.M.Mbaria
ABSTRACT Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance
In Kenya, most people especially in rural areas use traditional medicine and medicinal plants to treat many diseases including malaria. Malaria is of national concern in Kenya, in view of development of resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum to drugs especially chloroquine, which had been effective and affordable. There is need for alternative and affordable therapy. Many antimalarial drugs have been derived from medicinal plants and this is evident from the reported antiplasmodial activity. Aim of the study
The present study reports on the in vivo antimalarial activity and brine shrimp lethality of five medicinal plants traditionally used to treat malaria in Msambweni district, Kenya. Materials and methods
A total of five aqueous crude extracts from different plant parts used in traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria were evaluated for their in vivo antimalarial activity using Plasmodium berghei infected Swiss mice and for their acute toxicity using Brine shrimp lethality test. Results
The screened crude plant extracts suppressed parasitaemia as follows: Azadirachta indica (L) Burm. (Meliaceae), 3.1%; Dichrostachys cinerea (L) Wight et Arn (Mimosaceae), 6.3%; Tamarindus indica L. (Caesalpiniaceae), 25.1%; Acacia seyal Del. (Mimosaceae) 27.8% and Grewia trichocarpa Hochst ex A.Rich (Tiliaceae) 35.8%. In terms of toxicity, A.indica root bark extract had an LC50 of 285.8 µg/ml and was considered moderately toxic. T.indica stem bark extract and G.trichocarpa root extract had an LC50 of 516.4 and 545.8 µg/ml respectively and were considered to be weakly toxic while A.seyal and D.cinerea root extracts had a LC50>1000 µg/ml and were therefore considered to be non toxic. Conclusions
The results indicate that the aqueous extracts of the tested plants when used alone as monotherapy had antimalarial activity which was significantly different from that of chloroquine (P≤0.05). The results also suggest that the anecdotal efficacy of the above plants reported by the study community is related to synergism of phytoconstituents since the assayed plant parts are used in combination with others to treat malaria. It is also evident that none of the screened plant extracts is toxic to the arthropod invertebrate, Artemia salina L. (Artemiidae) larvae, justifying the continued use of the plant parts to treat malaria. A.seyal, G.trichocarpa and T.indica have not been reported before for in vivo antimalarial activity and brine shrimp lethality.
VITEX NEGUNDO roots Anti-filarial borrelia may be harbored inside filarial worms.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Antifilarial activity of ethyl acetate extract of Vitex negundo leaves in vitro," by Sahare KN1, Singh V. Department of Microbiology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal-462 026, M.P., India.
ABSTRACT:
CONCLUSIONS: The present study recorded significant antifilarial effect of Vitex negundo plant extract and contributed toward the development of database for novel drug candidates for lymphatic filariasis.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Possible implication of oxidative stress in anti filarial effect of certain traditionally used medicinal plants in vitro against Brugia malayi microfilariae," R. D. Sharma, A. R. Veerpathran, G. Dakshinamoorthy, K. N. Sahare, K. Goswami, and M.V.R. Reddy
Abstract Introduction: Tropical disease research scheme of World Health Organization has duly recognized traditional medicine as alternative for antifilarial drug development. Polyphenolic compounds present in traditionally used herbal medicines are natural antioxidants; however, paradoxically they may exert pro-oxidant effect. Popular drug diethyl carbamazine citrate harnesses the innate inflammatory response and the consequent oxidative assault to combat invading microbes.
Methods: With this perspective, extracts of Vitex negundo L. (roots), Butea monosperma L. (leaves), Aegle marmelos Corr. (leaves), and Ricinus communis L. (leaves) were selected to explore the possible role of oxidative rationale in the antifilarial effect in vitro.
Results: Apart from the last, other three plant extracts were reported to have polyphenolic compounds. Dose-dependent increase was found in the levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation for all the three plant extracts except Ricinus communis L. (leaves). Such increase in oxidative parameters also showed some degree of plant-specific predilection in terms of relatively higher level of particular oxidative parameter. High degree of correlation was observed between the antifilarial effect and the levels of corresponding oxidative stress parameters for these three plants. However, extracts of Ricinus communis L. (leaves) which is relatively deficient in polyphenolic ingredients recorded maximum 30% loss of motility and also did not show any significant difference in various stress parameters from corresponding control levels.
Conclusion: These results reveal that targeted oxidative stress might be crucial in the pharmacodynamics.
This is all very valuable info. Thanks for posting.
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CYPERUS ARTICULATUS Used in Cameroon as a traditional medicine treatment for filarial worms (onchocerca ochengi). May be relevant to Lyme research because an onchocerca-like filarial worm has been identified by Dr. Sapi inside of Lyme bearing ticks.
Peer Review Science: "Anti-Onchocerca activity and phytochemical analysis of an essential oil from Cyperus articulatus L," by Jonathan Alunge Metuge, Kennedy D Nyongbela, James A Mbah, Moses Samje, Ghislain Fotso, Smith B Babiaka and Fidelis Cho-NgwaEmail author BMC Complementary and Alternative MedicineThe official journal of the International Society for Complementary Medicine Research (ISCMR)2014
Conclusions: The essential oil from the roots/rhizomes of Cyperus articulatus is active against O. ochengi microfilariae and adult worms in vitro in a dose dependent manner, hence may provide a source of new anti-filarial compounds. The results also support the traditional use of C. articulatus in the treatment of human onchocerciasis.
Unlike the hallucinogenic "THC" compound found in Marijuana, "Cannabinoids" are the NON-hallucinogenic antimicrobial/anti-cancer/anti-biofilm compounds found in both the Marijuana plant and in its cousin, the industrial Hemp plant. The human body produces natural cannabinoids, called "endocannabinoids."
CBD oil from the industrial hemp plant is reported to be legal in all 50 states as long as it contains miniscule amounts of THC. Recent research has shown CBD oil to be effective against Lyme biofilm, among many other things, including some breast cancers.
"Antimicrobial effects of lactoferrin and cannabidiol on Borrelia burgdorferi", by Dylan Haenel, Department of Biology and Environmental Science/ Biotechnology Eva Sapi Ph.D.
[ 05-28-2018, 12:42 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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CHINESE CAT'S CLAW-- Uncaria rhynchophylla Nemacidal, anti-addiction, anti-viral, anti- breast cancer, anti-alzheimer's.
Used by Buhner (Woodlawn Essence) in conjunction with regular Cat's Claw (Uncaria Tomentosa) for neural Lyme symptoms. In Traditional Chinese Medicine known as Gou-Teng.
"Tetracyclic indole alkaloids with antinematode activity from Uncaria rhynchophylla," by Kong F1, Ma Q1, Huang S1, Yang S2, Fu L2, Zhou L1, Dai H1, Yu Z2, Zhao Y1. LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27834097
"Molecular evaluation of herbal compounds as potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease," Chen YX1, Li GZ1, Zhang B2, Xia ZY1, Zhang M3
---More to Come--
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POLYGONUM CUSPIDATUM- Japanese Knotweed/Hu Zhang/Tiger's Cane Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-fungal, anti-biofilm, anti-protozoan, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-toxin/venom. A TCM-traditional chinese medicine (used in conjunction with Cat's Claw) as a pillar in Buhner's Lyme protocol, at a dosage of 1-3 teaspoons of root powder, 3 times per day.. Active compounds are resveratrol and emodin, among others. May be estrogenic.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "The effect of emodin on Staphylococcus aureus strains in planktonic form and biofilm formation in vitro," by Yan X1, Gu S1, Shi Y1, Cui X1, Wen S1, Ge J2. LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28616631?log$=activity ABSTRACT: ..."Moreover, the present study demonstrated that sub-MICs emodin obviously intervened the release of extracellular DNA and inhibited expression of the biofilm-related genes (cidA, icaA, dltB, agrA, sortaseA and sarA) by real-time RT-PCR. These results revealed a promising application for emodin as a therapeutic agent and an effective strategy to prevent S. aureus biofilm-related infections."
"Antifungal activity of 40 TCMs used individually and in combination for treatment of superficial fungal infections," Yang F1, Ding S1, Liu W2, Liu J3, Zhang W1, Zhao Q4, Ma X5. LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25625353?log$=activity
[ 06-01-2018, 08:57 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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STREBLUS ASPER (Family: Moraceae) A tree/shrub found widely in Asia. This traditional Indian medicine uses most parts of the plant, and is: anti-filarial (stem bark), anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-dysentery(stem bark), anti-leprosy, anti-snake venom (root), anti-obesity(root), sinusitis (root), toothache(stem).
The active filaricidal compounds are thought to be K029 (Asperoside) and K030 (Strebloside).
"Streblus asper Lour. (Shakhotaka): A Review of its Chemical, Pharmacological and Ethnomedicinal Properties," by Subha Rastogi,1 Dinesh K. Kulshreshtha, and Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1475940/ Posted by WakeUp (Member # 9977) on :
EPIDEMIUM BREVICORNUM (barrenwort, bishop's hat horny goat weed-- family Berberidaceae) A traditional Chinese medicine. Antibiofilm.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: Eradication of Propionibacterium acnes biofilms by plant extracts and putative identification of icariin, resveratrol and salidroside as active compounds by Coenyea, Tom; Brackman, Gilles; Rigole, Petra; Witte, Evy De; Honraet, Kris; Rossel, Bart; Nelis, Ha
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