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ATP Encapsulated Liposomes

It is very well known that, under the conditions of ischemia, including myocardialischemia, the utilization of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is reduced and contractile function is depressed.

However, ATP consumption continues by various ATPases involved in a variety of metabolic reactions. ATP levels in the cardiomyocytes during cardiac ischemia drop to 20% of their initial value after approximately 15 min, which eventually leads to cell death.


The application/infusion of exogenous ATP seems to be an attractive possibility for restoration of the required level of ATP in ischemic cells.


However, strongly charged anions such as ATP cannot penetrate the plasma membrane and enter cells. In addition, ATP rapidly degrades in vivo and, thus, has a very short life-time in the circulation.


These limitations do not allow for the therapeutic use of free ATP as a bioenergetic substrate. Delivery of ATP to ischemic cells including cardiomyocytes requires alternative methods. Various formulations of ATP encapsulated liposomes are used for delivery of ATP to ischemic cells.


Encapsula NanoSciences provides various formulations of ATP encapsulated liposomes such as PEGylated ATP liposomes and non-PEGylated ATP liposomes. For more information send us an email at [email protected]

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