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SIDA ACUTA-- malvaceae Used in Buhner's bartonella protocol (typically 1/4 tsp of tincture 1x/day.) Antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, abortifacient, neuroprotective, cardiovascular and cardioprotective, antimalarial, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antiobesity, antioxidant and nephroprotective. May increase or decrease blood pressure.
Sida acuta, the common wireweed, is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family, Malvaceae, of which Hibiscus is the largest genus. It is believed to have originated in Central America, but today has a pantropical distribution and is considered a weed in some areas. In Colombia, the whole plant of S. acuta is used in traditional medicine of the Embera, Wounaan, Cunas and Katíos indigenous tribes, and in others regions of Antioquia, prepared as drinks, ointements and external baths against snakebite toxin.
Active compounds in Sida Acuta include: flavanoids and alkaloids, vasicine, ephedrine and cryptolepine and saponosides.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Neuropharmacological effects of the ethanolic extract of Sida acuta" by Dora M.Benjumeaa, Isabel C.Gómez-Betancura,JulietaVásqueza, FernandoAlzateb, AndreaGarcía-Silvac, José A.Fontenla LINK: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0102695X15002343
"Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Ethnopharmacological Aspects of Four Medicinal Plants of Malvaceae Used in Indian Traditional Medicines: A Review," by Abat JK1, Kumar S2, Mohanty A3 LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29057840
"The genus Sida L. - A traditional medicine: Its ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological data for commercial exploitation in herbal drugs industry" by Dinda B1, Das N2, Dinda S3, Dinda M4, SilSarma LINK: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26497766
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OLIVE LEAF EXTRACT-- Olea europaea, of the Oleaceae family-- active ingredient is Oleuropein "On the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol," by Bisignano G1, Tomaino A, Lo Cascio R, Crisafi G, Uccella N, Saija A. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10504039
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CRYPTOLEPIS --Cryptolepis Sanguinolenta of the family Apocynaceae "Antimicrobial, antiprotozoan and antiparasitic properties. An extract from the root is traditionally used in West Africa to treat malaria. The alkaloid cryptolepine is a potent antimalarial. The plant also has potential for treating Type II diabetes and is considered a powerful systemic antibiotic. It contains the antibacterial alkaloids cryptolepine, quindoline, and neocryptolepine."(Wikipedia overview)
"Cryptolepine-Induced Cell Death of Leishmania donovani Promastigotes Is Augmented by Inhibition of Autophagy, by Souvik Sengupta,1 Sayan Chowdhury,1 Somdeb BoseDasgupta,2 Colin W. Wright,3 and Hemanta K. Majumder1 1Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India LINK: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/mbi/2011/187850/
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ANAMU (Petiveria alliacea) or PHYTOLACCA(POKEWEED), of the Phytolaccaceae family Petiveria alliacea is a species of flowering plant in the pokeweed family, Phytolaccaceae.
Known in English as Garlic Guinea Weed and Guinea Henweed. The Peruvians call it mucura, the Brazilians refer to it as Anamu or Tipi, and it is known as a Guine in other parts of Central and South America. It is commonly used today in the Dominican Repulic, Peru, Guatamala and Brazil with its long history of medicinal uses.
The Guinea Hen Weed is used in teas, extracts, capsules. The leaves and also the roots are used with medicinal purposes. This plant has been used to reduce inflammation and pain. It has been reported to be used to eliminate bacteria, fungi, candida, and viruses. It is also used to enhance the immune system and increase urination). Recent studies report beneficial results in the use of this plant to lower the blood sugar levels and in the elimination of cancer cells. The plant is also used for arthritis, allergies, as therapy for fever, malaria. Besides its beneficial medical uses the plant is also been reported to induce abortions important property that has to take into consideration when used by woman of childbearing age.
Peer Review: "Antibacterial and antifungal activity of sulfur-containing compounds from Petiveria alliacea L." by Kim S1, Kubec R, Musah RA. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16229980
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RED CLOVER-- Trifolium pratense, a member of the Fabaceae family Used in traditional remedies for Syphilis, a spirochete. According to Herballegacy.com, was combined with Burdock seed, Oregon grape root and Blood root for treatment of Syphilis. Link: http://www.herballegacy.com/Syphilis.html
"Antibacterial activity of leaves extracts of Trifolium alexandrinum Linn. against pathogenic bacteria causing tropical diseases," by Khan AV1, Ahmed QU, Shukla I, Khan AA. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23569896
"Antileishmanial activity in Israeli plants," by El-On J1, Ozer L, Gopas J, Sneir R, Enav H, Luft N, Davidov G, Golan-Goldhirsh A. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19508747 SUMMARY: Of the 41 extracts examined, those of two plants (Nuphar lutea(water lily)>Withania somnifera-(Ashwaganda)) were highly effective (with a maximum inhibitory effect of >50%), those of three other species (Pteris vittata>Smyrnium olusatrum>Trifolium clypeatum) were moderately effective (25%-50%) and another four extracts (Erodium malacoides>Hyparrhenia hirta>Thymelaea hirsuta>Pulicaria crispa) showed a marginal effect (15%-22%) against the parasites. Extracts of nine plant species therefore showed antileishmanial activity but only the extract of N. lutea, used at 1.25 microg/ml, eliminated all the intracellular parasites within 3 days of treatment, with no detectable toxicity to the host macrophages. -------------- Clover may also be rich in spirochete killing saponins, and may reduce virulence factors of candida:
"Saponins of Trifolium spp. aerial parts as modulators of Candida albicans virulence attributes," by Budzyńska A1, Sadowska B2, Więckowska-Szakiel M3, Micota B4, Stochmal A5, Jędrejek D6, Pecio L7, Różalska B8. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25050858
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N-phenylglycineamide-p-arsonic acid This chemical was researched extensively by Louise Pearce and Wade Brown of the Rockefeller Institute in connection with spirochete infection, and it was successful in treating experimentally infected rabbits. They concluded that it possessed a high degree of therapeutic action on trypanosomes, and was capable of exerting a definite influence on spirochete infections
"Chemotherapy of Trypanosomes and Spirochete infections," by Louise Pearce and Wade Brown LINK: http://tinyurl.com/nklyrevPosts: 696 | From New York | Registered: Aug 2006
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YELLOW DOCK---Rumex crisps of the Polygonaceae family-- possibly toxic Recommended by doctors treating syphilis in the early 1900s. "Ellingwood's Therapeutist, 1908: The Successful Treatment of Syphilis without Mercury." LINK: http://www.henriettes-herb.com/eclectic/journals/elth1908/12-syphilis.html
Also used as a traditional treatment for syphilis in conjunction with mandrake root, elder flower, poke root, blue flag, sassafras and caraway seeds, according to Dr. Christopher at http://www.herballegacy.com/Syphilis.html
CAUTION: Do not ingest unless under supervision, Yellow dock may be poisonous at higher doses.
Peer review study: "Determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Rumex crispus L. extracts," by Yildirim A1, Mavi A, Kara AA. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11513714
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Melicope lunu-ankenda,of the Rutaceae family Used as a garden salad in Malaysia. Euodia lunuankenda is a species of plant in the Rutaceae family. It is endemic to India.
Leaves of this plant are anti-quorum sensing, anti biofilm.
Peer Review: "Silencing quorum sensing through extracts of Melicope lunu-ankenda," by Tan LY1, Yin WF, Chan KG.
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CLOVES Syzygium aromaticum of the Myrtaceae family Clove oil contains Eugenol, which is believed to be responsible for its antimicrobial and anti parasitic properties. Eugenol comprises 72-90% of the essential oil extracted from cloves, and is the compound most responsible for clove aroma. Schaller, an expert in Bartonella, believes that clove oil may be effective for Bartonella.
Peer review: "Inhibition of quorum sensing regulated bacterial functions by plant essential oils with special reference to clove oil," by Khan MS1, Zahin M, Hasan S, Husain FM, Ahmad I.
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ARECA CATECHU of the Arecaceae family Anti biofilm, anti parasite. Areca catechu is a species of palm which grows in much of the tropical Pacific, Asia, and parts of east Africa. The species has many common names including the areca palm, areca nut palm, betel palm, Indian nut, Pinang palm, Bing Lang, Areca Nut, Betel Nut, Betel Quid, Pinlag.
The seeds of this palm tree have anti quorum sensing and antibiofilm properties. This herb also ostensibly kills parasites, tape worms, pinworms, round worms, blood flukes and helps expel bodies of worms.
Peer review: Screening of traditional Chinese medicinal plants for quorum-sensing inhibitors activity," by Koh KH1, Tham FY. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21439518
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APRICOT( kernel of seed) Prunus armeniaca, and Prunus mume of the Rosaceae family Quorum sensing and biofilm inhibitor. Used for centuries by traditional Chinese medicine. Recent studies have also shown that Prunus mume extract may inhibit Helicobacter pylori.
Peer Review: Screening of traditional Chinese medicinal plants for quorum-sensing inhibitors activity," by Koh KH1, Tham FY. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21439518
MK615: a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of oral disease, by Morimoto-Yama****a Y1, Matsuo M, Komatsuzawa H, Kawahara K, Kikuchi K, Torii M, Tokuda M. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21565449
"Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori Motility by (+)-Syringaresinol from Unripe Japanese Apricot," by Mitsuo Miyazawa1), Hirotoshi Utsunomiya2), Ken-ichi Inada3), Tomoki Yamada1), Yoshiharu Okuno1), Harunari Tanaka4), Masae Tatematsu LINK: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/29/1/29_1_172/_articlePosts: 696 | From New York | Registered: Aug 2006
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IRIS Versicolor of the Iridaceae family-- toxic Also known as Blue Flag. Poison Flag. Flag Lily. Liver Lily. Snake Lily. Dragon Flower. Dagger Flower. Water Flag.
A toxic root used by many physicians as a treatment for the syphilis spirochete in the early 1900s, especially where there was glandular involvement. Should be tested on Borrelia spirochetes/ cysts and biofilm in vitro.
"Methylglyoxal: (active agent of manuka honey) in vitro activity against bacterial biofilms," by Kilty SJ1, Duval M, Chan FT, Ferris W, Slinger R. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22287464Posts: 696 | From New York | Registered: Aug 2006
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ELEUTHERO (Eleutherococcus senticosus) "Siberian Ginseng" Used in Buhner's Lyme disease protocol
Established antiviral properties. Peer review: "Antiviral activity of an extract derived from roots of Eleutherococcus senticosus," by Glatthaar-Saalmuller B1, Sacher F, Esperester A. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11397509Posts: 696 | From New York | Registered: Aug 2006
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SERRATIOPEPTIDASE Antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory properties.
Peer Review Science: "Serratiopeptidase: a well-known metalloprotease with a new non-proteolytic activity against S. aureus biofilm," by Selan L1, Papa R2, Tilotta M3, Vrenna G4, Carpentieri A5, Amoresano A6, Pucci P7,8, Artini M9. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26453184
Conclusions: New knowledge obtained from data reported in this paper calls attention to a novel mechanism of action of Spep. This protein could be developed as a potential "antipathogenic agent" capable to impair the ability of S. aureus to form biofilm on prostheses, catheters and medical devices, exploiting a mechanism different from the proteolytic activity.
"Comparison of clinical efficacy of methylprednisolone and serratiopeptidase for reduction of postoperative sequelae after lower third molar surgery," by Chappi D M1, Suresh KV2, Patil MR3, Desai R4, Tauro DP5, Bharani K N S S6, Parkar MI7, Babaji HV8. LINK:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26155332
Conclusions: We conclude that methylprednisolone affords better pain relief while serratiopeptidase exerts better anti-inflammatory and anti-swelling effects in the post-operative period. Synergistic combinations of these two drugs would however prove to be more effective when extensive post-operative sequelae are expected. Key words:Methylprednisolone, serratiopeptidase, pain, swelling, trismus, third molar.
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BOSWELLIA serrata, of the family Burseraceae, also known as frankincense Boswellia has long been used in Ayurvedic medicine.This biblical herb is antibiofilm and antiinflammatory
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: Antistaphylococcal and biofilm inhibitory activities of acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid from Boswellia serrata, by Raja AF1, Ali F, Khan IA, Shawl AS, Arora DS, Shah BA, Taneja SC.
Conclusions: This study supported the potential use of Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid, AKBA in treating S. aureus infections. AKBA can be further exploited to evolve potential lead compounds in the discovery of new anti-Gram-positive and anti-biofilm agents.
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Peer review science: Growth inhibiting activity of volatile oil from Cistus creticus L. against Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. in vitro, by Hutschenreuther A1, Birkemeyer C, Grotzinger K, Straubinger RK, Rauwald HW. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20432627
ABSTRACT: "Borreliosis patients from self-help groups reported considerable pain relief after ingestion of Cistus creticus leaf preparations. C. creticus leaf extracts of different polarities such as aqueous, ethyl acetate, hexane extracts as well as the volatile oil fraction obtained by steam distillation were tested for their antibacterial activity against Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (Bbss) in vitro using the antibiotic amoxicilline as standard and polysorbate 80 as solubilizer for lipophilic extracts. Comparison of the four plant preparations shows that the volatile oil exerts the strongest growth inhibitory effect. Even concentrations of 0.02% (w/v) volatile oil in cultivation media reduced the total number of bacteria to 2% in comparison to a growth control after an eight-day cultivation period. While the aqueous extract did not reduce bacterial growth, incubation with hexane and ethyl acetate extracts clearly inhibited microbial growth. The main volatile components of the three active extracts tested were analyzed by GC-MS. The number of different labdane-type diterpenes as well as the total relative amount of diterpenes in the samples tested was highest in the essential oil of C. creticus. Identification of ten different volatile labdane-type diterpenes was assigned to the essential oil of C. creticus. Among these, manoyl oxide, 13-epi-manoyl oxide, 3-acetoxy-manoyl oxide and the monoterpene carvacrol were determined to be major constituents, accompanied by minor amounts of 3-hydroxy-manoyl oxide, all of which are known to exert antimicrobial activity."
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Rhizoma Dryopteridis, Male Fern; Chinese "Guan Zhong" This herb is recommended for Lyme patients by Two Frogs Healing Center for treatment of parasitic coinfections: "Guan Zhong is used kill various intestinal parasites such as: hookworm, ringworm, and pinworm. This herb is used to treat bacterial and viral infections like colds, flu, measles, encephalitis, viral pneumonia, infectious bronchitis, and parotitis because it is effective at eliminating toxins. It also stops bleeding in conditions like hematemesis, epistaxis, hematochezia, and excess uterine bleeding.
Caution: This herb is to be taken separate from fatty or greasy food. This herb is not to be used with infants, people with a weak constitution, or people with ulcers in the gastrointestinal track. It can stimulate the contraction of the uterus and should be used with caution during pregnancy.
Filmarone is an active component in Dryopteridis which has a marked antiparasitic effect against tapeworms. In other studies, Dryopteridis kills roundworms in pigs and liver flukes in humans. This herb has a mild to moderate inhibitory effect against Bacillus dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, E. coli, Pseudonomas aeruginosa, Diplococcus meningitidis, and Staphlococcus aureus. It has a strong inhibitory effect on the influenza virus, adenovirus, encephalitis B, and herpes simplex virus. This herb also has an antineoplastic effect.
"In vitro schistosomicidal effects of some phloroglucinol derivatives from Dryopteris species against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms," by Magalhaes LG1, Kapadia GJ, da Silva Tonuci LR, Caixeta SC, Parreira NA, Rodrigues V, Da Silva Filho AA. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19898869Posts: 696 | From New York | Registered: Aug 2006
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YARROW "MORA" Achillea millefolium, of the Asteraceae family A component of the herbal Nutrimedix formula "Mora," which was shown to inhibit borrelia biofilm, spirochetes and cysts in vitro by Dr. Eva Sapi.
Peer review science: "TLC-Direct Bioautography and LC/MS as Complementary Methods in Identification of Antibacterial Agents in Plant Tinctures from the Asteraceae Family," by Jesionek W1, Móricz ÁM, Ott PG, Kocsis B, Horváth G, Choma IM. LINK http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26268962
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Terminalia chebula-- "Haritaki" Indian traditional medicine. Quorum sensing inhibitor.
Peer review science: "Ellagic acid derivatives from Terminalia chebula Retz. downregulate the expression of quorum sensing genes to attenuate Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 virulence." by Sarabhai S, Sharma P, Capalash N. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23320085
Conclusion: This is the first report on anti QS activity of T. chebula fruit linked to EADs which down regulate the expression of lasIR and rhlIR genes with concomitant decrease in AHLs in P. aeruginosa PAO1 causing attenuation of its virulence factors and enhanced sensitivity of its biofilm towards tobramycin. ------ "Sustained release of a purified tannin component of Terminalia chebula from a titanium implant surface prevents biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus."by Shukla V1, Bhathena Z.
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BONESET Eupatorium perfoliatum Used as a part of the BLT herbal formulation designed for Lyme/ Bartonella, with reportedly good results.
Anti-Inflammatory and antiprotozoan properties.
Peer Review Science: 1."Anti-inflammatory activity of Eupatorium perfoliatum L. extracts, eupafolin, and dimeric guaianolide via iNOS inhibitory activity and modulation of inflammation-related cytokines and chemokines," by Maas M1, Deters AM, Hensel A. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21669270
SUMMARY: "Eupatorium perfoliatum L. has been used traditionally for the treatment of fever, malaria and inflammation-associated diseases. Nowadays it is mostly used as immune activating remedy. The following study was performed to evaluate extracts with different polarity and defined lead-compounds from the herbal material on potential in vitro activities concerning immune cell activation, phagocytosis, and inflammation-related processes.....
CONCLUSIONS:Although the postulated immunostimulating properties of E. perfoliatum have not been confirmed, the anti-inflammatory effects can be seen as a verification of the traditional use against inflammatory diseases."
2. An unusual dimeric guaianolide with antiprotozoal activity and further sesquiterpene lactones from Eupatoriumperfoliatum." by Maas M1, Hensel A, Costa FB, Brun R, Kaiser M, Schmidt TJ. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21329950
SUMMARY: "The CH(2)Cl(2) extract of aerial parts of Eupatorium perfoliatum L. exhibits antiprotozoal activity under in vitro conditions, especially against Plasmodium falciparum (IC(50)=2.7μg/ml). The search for active compounds yielded seven sesquiterpene lactones: Four structurally similar guaianolides, one dimeric guaianolide, and two germacranolides. The guaianolides differ in the degree of oxidation at C-14, ranging from a hydroxyl group up to a free carboxylic acid. The dimeric guaianolide, structurally closely related to the monomers, displays an unusual type of interguaianolide linkage between C-14 and C-4. Except for the germacranolide euperfolitin, all STLs described here were hitherto unknown. Furthermore, the flavonoid aglycones eupafolin, hispidulin, patuletin, and kaempferol were identified in the extract, which, except for kaempferol, have not been described as constituents of E. perfoliatum before. The dimeric guaianolide was shown to be the most active constituent against Plasmodium falciparum (IC(50) = 2.0μM) and was less cytotoxic against rat skeletal myoblasts (IC(50) = 16.2μM, selectivity index of about 8)."
3. Effects of homeopathic medications Eupatorium perfoliatum and Arsenicum album on parasitemia of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice, byLira-Salazar G1, Marines-Montiel E, Torres-Monzón J, Hernández-Hernández F, Salas-Benito JS. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17015193
Abstract Malaria is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world and a major public health problem because of emerging drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium. A number of synthetic and natural compounds are now being analysed to develop more effective antimalarial drugs. We investigated the effect of homeopathic preparations of Eupatorium perfoliatum and Arsenicum album on parasitemia using a rodent malaria model. We found significant inhibitory effect on parasite multiplication with both medications with a level of 60% for Eupatorium perfoliatum at a 30 CH potency. Arsenicum album 0/6 gave 70% inhibition but this was less stable than Eupatorium perfoliatum. The number of schizonts was higher in animals treated with homeopathic medications. Although the mechanism of action is unknown, these agents would be good candidates as alternative or complementary medications in the treatment of malaria.
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RED ROOT Ceanothus americanus--Buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae) Used in Buhner protocol to clear the lymph as a result of pathogen die off. Also used as a part of the BLT herbal formulation designed for Lyme/ Bartonella, with reportedly good results.
Peer Review Science: 1. "Antimicrobial compounds from Ceanothus americanus against oral pathogens," by Li XC1, Cai L, Wu CD. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9276981
Abstract During the search for antimicrobial compounds from higher plant sources, a methanol extract of Ceanothus americanus demonstrated antimicrobial activity against selected oral pathogens. Through further bioassay-guided fractionation and purification, three triterpenes (ceanothic acid, 27-hydroxy ceanothic acid and ceanothetric acid) and two flavonoids (maesopsin and maesopsin-6-O-glucoside) were identified. Among these, ceanothetric acid and maesopsin-6-O-glucoside were new compounds. Ceanothic acid and ceanothetric acid demonstrated growth inhibitory effect against Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia with MICs ranging from 42 to 625 micrograms ml-1. Maesopsin, its glucoside, and 27-hydroxy ceanothic acid, were inactive below the concentration of 500 micrograms ml-1.
[ 10-30-2015, 06:38 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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ASHWAGANDA Withania somnifera, fam. Solanaceae This Indian medicinal herb has recently begun to be used in the Buhner Lyme protocol.
Known as “Indian Winter cherry” or “Indian Ginseng, " Ashwaganda has been used for millenia, and it is one of the most important herbs in Indian Ayurvedic medicine.
Peer Review Science: 1. "Identification of anti-biofilm components in Withania somnifera and their effect on virulence of Streptococcus mutans biofilms, " Pandit S1, Cai JN1, Song KY2, Jeon JG1,2. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25976122
"Of the identified components, linoleic and oleic acids strongly affected the acid production rate, F-ATPase activity and EPS formation of the biofilms. Periodic treatment with linoleic and oleic acids during biofilm formation also inhibited the biofilm accumulation and acid production rate of the biofilms without killing the biofilm bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that linoleic and oleic acids may be effective agents for restraining virulence of S. mutans biofilms."
High in spirochete killing saponins. Adaptogen. Antibacterial, antiviral, anti-HIV, antiaging, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, immunostimulative, kidney protective, antidiabetic, may increase production of telomerase. Used in Chinese and Persian traditional medicine for centuries. Used in the Buhner protocol, but not recommended for chronic Lyme.
[ 01-12-2016, 12:06 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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Ranitidine Bismuth Citrate "Tritec" This drug, Tritec, used to treat ulcers, was discontinued by the manufacturer in the United States in 1998. It is unknown why this drug was discontinued since it shows action against borrelia burgdorferi cysts, blebs and granules, which are a reservoir of infection. Bismuth in large amounts is toxic, and may result in death or kidney damage if injected.
Peer Review Science: "Susceptibility of motile and cystic forms of Borrelia burgdorferi to ranitidine bismuth citrate," by Brorson O1, Brorson SH. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12051564
Abstract Gastrointestinal symptoms accompanying Lyme disease have not been considered in the treatment of Lyme patients yet. Here we examine the effect of ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) on motile and cystic forms of Borrelia burgdorferi in vitro, to determine whether it could cure this bacterial infection in the gastrointestinal tract. When motile forms of B. burgdorferi were exposed to RBC for 1 week at 37 degrees C, the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was > 64 mg/ml. At 30 degrees C, the MBC was > 256 mg/ml. When the incubation lasted for 2 weeks at 37 degrees C, the MBC dropped to > 2 mg/ml. Bismuth aggregates were present on the surface of B. burgdorferi when RBC > or = MBC, as shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cystic forms of B. burgdorferi, exposed to RBC for 2 weeks at 37 degrees C, were examined by cultivation in BSK-H medium (Sigma B3528). They were stained with acridine orange (pH 6.4, pH 7.4) and studied by TEM. The MBC for RBC for young cystic forms (1 day old) and old cysts (8 months old) was estimated to be > 0.125 mg/ml and > 2 mg/ml, respectively. Bismuth aggregates were attached to the cysts and, in some, the pin-shaped aggregates penetrated the cyst wall. The bismuth aggregates also bound strongly to blebs and granules of B. burgdorferi when RBC > or = MBC. When B. burgdorferi is responsible for gastrointestinal symptoms, bismuth compounds may be candidates for eradication of the bacterium from the gastrointestinal tract.
[ 11-02-2015, 11:52 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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LICORICE ROOT Glycyrrhizic Acid Ostensibly binds to a botulinum-like toxin produced by borrelia burgdorferi.
Those with high blood pressure should avoid Licorice root.
Information about borrelia "botulinum-like" toxins from the Townsend Letter,February 2006: LINK:http://www.townsendletter.com/FebMar2006/lyme0206.htm "Through the use of DNA manipulations and a database of known protein toxin DNA sequences, a match was made with a selected Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) gene and a specific toxin in the database. Protein generated from this cloned Bb gene was examined biochemically and found to have characteristics similar to that of botulinum, the toxin of Clostridium botulinum, a zinc endoproteinase.
The toxin from Bb belongs to a family of toxic proteins known as "zinc endoproteinases" or metalloproteases, and includes the toxin from the organism causing tetanus as well as those from many other well-known infectious diseases. The structures of this family of toxins are all very similar, as determined by x-ray crystal analysis.2 They all contain zinc and perform the same proteolytic function, namely, cleaving the chemical (covalent) bond between two specific amino acids in a particular protein found in nerve cells.3 The substrate for this enzyme is very large, implying that any inhibitor of enzyme activity blocking the entry of the substrate into the active site must also be very large.
The action of botulinum (as well as the toxin from the Lyme spirochete) is to prevent, through its action as a proteolytic enzyme, the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Nerve endings may be associated with other nerves or muscles (the neuromuscular junction).........
.......A large amount of work is being conducted today in an effort to uncover more inhibitors of the Lyme spirochete toxin. One known inhibitor of toxin activity is the substance glycyrrhizic acid (GA), the active principle of licorice root, used in Oriental medicine for thousands of years."
[ 11-12-2015, 04:50 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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STEPHANIA tetrandra of the Menispermaceae family--root One of the top 50 herbs used in Chinese Traditional Medicine,known as Fen fang ji, and used for inflammatory and circulatory disorders. Stephania is often recommended by Buhner for Lyme treatment. (Do not use the substitute herb, Aristolochia fanghi which is toxic.)
Peer review science: The mechanism of antibacterial activity of tetrandrine against Staphylococcus aureus, by Lee YS1, Han SH, Lee SH, Kim YG, Park CB, Kang OH, Keum JH, Kim SB, Mun SH, Seo YS, Myung NY, Kwon DY. LINK:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22845553
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SKULLCAP or BAICALEIN or SCUTE-- Scutellaria baicalensis
In a recent peer review paper, Baicalein has shown activity against all morphologies of Borrelia Burgdorferi (spirochete, round body and biofilm) in vitro. This TCM herb, also known as "Scute" was often used for "toxic" syndromes such as snakebite and has currently been used for viral hepatitis and leptospirosis.
May cause an elevation in liver enzymes when taken with other herbs such as valerian-- check with practitioner..
The TCM treatment with Scute described for leptospirosis(a spirochete) is the formula "Shuang Huang Lian", which is comprised of scute, lonicera (jinyinhua), and forsythia (lianqiao).
Scute, or Baicalein is one of the active ingredients of Sho-Saiko-To, a Japanese herbal supplement believed to enhance liver health .Baicalein Is a flavone, a type of flavonoid, originally isolated from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis and Scutellaria lateriflora.( It is also reported in Oroxylum indicum or Indian trumpetflower.)
Peer Review Science: "In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of phytochemicals and micronutrients against Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia garinii," by Goc A1, Niedzwiecki A1, Rath M1. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26457476
Abstract AIMS: Little is known about the effects of phytochemicals against Borrelia sp. causing Lyme disease. Current therapeutic approach to this disease is limited to antibiotics. This study examined the anti-borreliaea efficacy of several plant-derived compounds and micronutrients.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We tested the efficacy of 15 phytochemicals and micronutrients against three morphological forms of Borrelia burgdoferi and Borrelia garinii: spirochetes, latent rounded forms and biofilm. The results showed that the most potent substances against the spirochete and rounded forms of Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia garinii were cis-2-decenoic acid, baicalein, monolaurin, and kelp (iodine); whereas, only baicalein and monolaurin revealed significant activity against the biofilm. Moreover, cis-2-decenoic acid, baicalein, and monolaurin did not cause statistically significant cytotoxicity to human HepG2 cells up to 125 μg ml-1 , and kelp up to 20 μg ml-1 . CONCLUSIONS: The most effective antimicrobial compounds against all morphological forms of the two tested Borrelia sp. were baicalein and monolaurin. This might indicate that the presence of fatty acid and phenyl groups is important for comprehensive antibacterial activity.
"Scute: for infection, inflammation, and protection" by Subhuti Dharmananda, Ph.D., Director, Institute for Traditional Medicine, Portland, Oregon
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cis-2-decenoic acid Active against spirochetes, round bodies and biofilm. A main component of royal jelly.
Has shown results against spirochete, round body and biofilm forms of borrelia burgdorferi, in a recent study by the "Dr. Rath Institute."
"In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of phytochemicals and micronutrients against Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia garinii," by Goc A1, Niedzwiecki A1, Rath M1.
RESULTS: We tested the efficacy of 15 phytochemicals and micronutrients against three morphological forms of Borrelia burgdoferi and Borrelia garinii: spirochetes, latent rounded forms and biofilm. The results showed that the most potent substances against the spirochete and rounded forms of Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia garinii were cis-2-decenoic acid, baicalein, monolaurin, and kelp (iodine); whereas, only baicalein and monolaurin revealed significant activity against the biofilm. Moreover, cis-2-decenoic acid, baicalein, and monolaurin did not cause statistically significant cytotoxicity to human HepG2 cells up to 125 μg ml-1 , and kelp up to 20 μg ml-1
"Cis-2-decenoic acid inhibits S. aureus growth and biofilm in vitro: a pilot study," by Jennings JA1, Courtney HS, Haggard WO
CONCLUSIONS: C2DA inhibited biofilm formation by MRSA at biocompatible concentrations, with increasing biofilm reduction with added antibiotics. Elution of C2DA from a chitosan sponge can be modified through adjusting loading concentration. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22585351
[ 01-02-2016, 08:41 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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NONI Morinda citrifolia Used in the Klinghardt protocol where it is believed to inhibit intracellular forms of the borrelia bacteria
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE:
"Morinda citrifolia (Noni): a literature review and recent advances in Noni research," by Wang MY1, West BJ, Jensen CJ, Nowicki D, Su C, Palu AK, Anderson G. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12466051
Effect of selected local medicinal plants on the asexual blood stage of chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Mohd Abd Razak MR1, Afzan A, Ali R, Amir Jalaluddin NF, Wasiman MI, Shiekh Zahari SH, Abdullah NR, Ismail Z. LINK:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25510573
Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of propolis, Morinda citrifolia, Azadirachta indica (Neem) and 5% sodium hypochlorite on Candida albicans biofilm formed on tooth substrate: An in-vitro study. Tyagi SP1, Sinha DJ1, Garg P1, Singh UP1, Mishra CC1, Nagpal R1. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24347888
[Anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Morinda citrifolia fruit on Ascaridia galli]. [Article in Portuguese] Brito DR1, Fernandes RM, Fernandes MZ, Ferreira MD, Rolim FR, da Silva Filho ML. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20040206Posts: 696 | From New York | Registered: Aug 2006
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NEEM Azadirachta indica A. Juss--leaf and oil Indian traditional medicine and food. (Fresh leaves are more powerful, and are often eaten daily.)
Anti biofilm, antiparasite,potentially anti-spirochaetal, used as a treatment for second and third stage syphilis in India. Lyme patients report anecdotal results at 1-2 grams per day.
From Curezone (verify citations) "Neem as a cure for 2nd and 3rd stage syphilis has been studied, Mitra 1949, Bhandri 1959 and Puri 1993, and others found Neem effective in 2nd and 3rd stage tetiary syphilis. Suggested use is Neem leaf as a tea taken 3x a day for 2 weeks, or Neem, as a powder in capsules, taken 4x a day for 2 weeks, as a treatment for 2nd and 3rd stage tetiary syphilis. The research on Neem is interesting. It is a challenge to locate verifiable reports and studies out of India on Neem. American MDs have published some similar reports on olive leaf tea and olive leaf and oregano, in oil, in powdered caps." http://www.curezone.org/forums/search.asp?f=336&q=neem&action=Search
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE "Effect of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaf extract on resistant staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and Schistosoma mansoni Worms," by Quelemes PV1, Perfeito ML1, Guimarães MA1, Dos Santos RC1, Lima DF2, Nascimento C3, Silva MP4, Soares MJ5, Ropke CD6, Eaton P7, de Moraes J4, Leite JR8. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26408045
CONCLUSIONS:Neem leaf ethanolic extract presented inhibitory effect on MRSA biofilm and planktonic aggregation formation, and anthelmintic activity against S. mansoni worms.
"Azadirachta indica: A herbal panacea in dentistry - An update," by Lakshmi T1, Krishnan V2, Rajendran R3, Madhusudhanan N4. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26009692
"Leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (neem): a potential antibiofilm agent for Pseudomonas aeruginosa," by Harjai K1, Bala A, Gupta RK, Sharma R. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23737302
Gingivitis plaque may contain spirochetes, hence I include studies on possible treatments for oral spirochetes:
"Effect of two herbal mouthwashes on gingival health of school children," by Sharma R1, Hebbal M2, Ankola AV2, Murugaboopathy V3, Shetty SJ4. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25379471
Abstract ...."This study aimed at determining the effect of indigenously prepared neem and mango chewing stick mouthwashes on plaque and gingival indices.
........ To conclude, all the three mouthwashes were effective antiplaque and antigingivitis agents. Chlorhexidine and neem possess equivalent efficacy in reducing plaque, while chlorhexidine has superior antigingivitis properties."
[ 11-09-2015, 11:13 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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MANGOSTEEN Garcinia mangostana Antispirochetal-- works in synergy with penicillin. Biofilm inhibitor. Xanthones may be the active compound.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Antileptospiral activity of xanthones from Garcinia mangostana and synergy of gamma-mangostin with penicillin," by G. Seesom W, Jaratrungtawee A, Suksamrarn S, Mekseepralard C, Ratananukul P, Sukhumsirichart W.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis, one of the most widespread zoonotic infectious diseases worldwide, is caused by spirochetes bacteria of the genus Leptospira. The present study examined inhibitory activity of purified xanthones and crude extracts from Garcinia mangostana against both non-pathogenic and pathogenic leptospira. Synergy between γ-mangostin and penicillin G against leptospires was also determined.
CONCLUSIONS: Crude extracts and purified xanthones from fruit pericarp of G. mangostana with significant antibacterial activity may be used to control leptospirosis. The combination of xanthone with antibiotic enhances the antileptospiral efficacy. ---------- "Anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Garcinia mangostana extract in hamster opisthorchiasis," by Aukkanimart R1, Boonmars T2, Sriraj P1, Songsri J3, Laummaunwai P4, Waraasawapati S5, Boonyarat C6, Rattanasuwan P7, Boonjaraspinyo S8.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that G. mangostana extract possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and can interfere with parasite development by affecting adult size and egg production. This may be useful for controlling the spread of OV infection and other parasites in endemic areas.
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"α-Mangostin disrupts the development of Streptococcus mutans biofilms and facilitates its mechanical removal," by Nguyen PT1, Falsetta ML2, Hwang G3, Gonzalez-Begne M2, Koo H4. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25350668
[ 11-12-2015, 08:44 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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ALFALFA Medicago sativa Contains spirochete killing saponins, plus the plant compound "norspermidine", a polyamine which may both inhibit and disperse biofilm.
New pharmacological properties of Medicago sativa and Saponaria officinalis saponin-rich fractions addressed to Candida albicans, bySadowska B1, Budzyńska A1, Więckowska-Szakiel M1, Paszkiewicz M1, Stochmal A2, Moniuszko-Szajwaj B2, Kowalczyk M2, Różalska B3. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24850879
Antimicrobial activity of saponins from Medicago sp.: structure-activity relationship. Avato P1, Bucci R, Tava A, Vitali C, Rosato A, Bialy Z, Jurzysta M. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16619355
[ 11-12-2015, 05:43 PM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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CHLORELLA Detoxification (absorbs heavy metals in colon), probable anti-biofilm agent. Used in the Klinghardt and Horowitz protocols as part of heavy metal detoxification. Always used together with a heavy metal mobilization agent such as Cilantro or DMSA(Dimercaptosuccinic acid).
Dr. H uses Chlorella in conjunction with DMSA( taken once every 3 days to detoxify heavy metals. Dr. H has discovered that Chlorella alone has no effect on "before and after" tests of heavy metals. DMSA does not however cross the blood brain barrier and will thus not mobilize heavy metals out of the central nervous system as Cilantro may do.
Chlorella also contains the plant compound "norspermidine", a polyamine which may both inhibit and disperse biofilm.
[ 01-04-2016, 11:06 AM: Message edited by: WakeUp ]
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TRIMETHYLGLYCINE-betaine Chronic Lyme disease and fibromyalgia have been associated with the genetic variation that is linked to Morton's Foot, known as "greek foot" -- where the second toe is longer than the big toe. This body type has a deficiency in a certain type of B6 vitamin known as PLP. Supplementation with PLP, L5-MTHF, B12 and trimethylglycine corrects this deficiency.
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE Morton's foot and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate deficiency: genetically linked traits. by Nichols TW Jr1, Gaiteri C2. LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25441836
Abstract Vitamin B6 is an essential vitamin needed for many chemical reactions in the human body. It exists as several vitamins forms but pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is the phosphorylated form needed for transamination, deamination, and decarboxylation. PLP is important in the production of neurotransmitters, acts as a Schiff base and is essential in the metabolism of homocysteine, a toxic amino acid involved in cardiovascular disease, stroke, thrombotic and Alzheimer's disease. This report announces the connection between a deficit of PLP with a genetically linked physical foot form known as the Morton's foot. Morton's foot has been associated with fibromyalgia/myofascial pain syndrome. Another gene mutation methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFr) is now being recognized much commonly than previous with chronic fatigue, chronic Lyme diseases and as "the missing link" in other chronic diseases. PLP deficiency also plays a role in impaired glucose tolerance and may play a much bigger role in the obesity, diabetes, fatty liver and metabolic syndrome. Without the Schiff-base of PLP acting as an electron sink, storing electrons and dispensing them in the mitochondria, free radical damage occurs! The recognition that a phenotypical expression (Morton's foot) of a gene resulting in deficiency of an important cofactor enzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate will hopefully alert physicians and nutritionist to these phenomena. Supplementation with PLP, L5-MTHF, B12 and trimethylglycine should be used in those patients with hyperhomocysteinemia and/or MTHFR gene mutation.Posts: 696 | From New York | Registered: Aug 2006
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CHINESE NUT GALLS Galla Chinensis Anti fungal. Prevents mycotoxin contamination of wheat. Traditional Chinese herb known as Wu Bei Zi. May bind to borrelia endotoxins in a similar fashion to Cholestyramine,. Should be taken away from other herbs since it has a binding affinity..
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Fusarium Head Blight Control and Prevention of Mycotoxin Contamination in Wheat with Botanicals and Tannic Acid," by Hans-Rudolf Forrer,* Tomke Musa, Fabienne Schwab,† Eveline Jenny, Thomas D. Bucheli, Felix E. Wettstein, and Susanne Vogelgsang* http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3968364/
An excellent survey of toxin binding plants:
"Antibacterial and Antidiarrheal Activities of Plant Products against Enterotoxinogenic Escherichia coli," by J. Daniel Dubreuil
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TERMINALIA CHEBULA or Haritaki (Chinese name: he zi) Quorum sensing inhibitor. Another ostensibly toxin binding herb from traditional chinese medicine.(TCM)
PEER REVIEW SCIENCE: "Ellagic Acid Derivatives from Terminalia chebula Retz. Downregulate the Expression of Quorum Sensing Genes to Attenuate Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Virulence," by Sajal Sarabhai, Prince Sharma, Neena Capalash
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Forsythia Suspensa (Chinese name lian qiao) Toxin binder, traditional chinese medicine (TCM).
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Taraxacum Officinale / Dandelion (Chinese name: pu gong ying) Toxin binder, traditional chinese medicine(TCM).
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Viola Yedoensis (Chinese name: zi hua di ding) Toxin binder-- traditional chinese medicine (TCM).
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"In vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of Anacardium occidentale and Mangifera indica in oral care," by Geethashri Anand, Manikandan Ravinanthan,1 Ravishankar Basaviah,2 and A. Veena Shetty LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4333632/
"Chemical Composition, Leishmanicidal and Cytotoxic Activities of the Essential Oils from Mangifera indica L. var. Rosa and Espada," by Eduardo H. S. Ramos, 1 Marcílio M. Moraes, 2 Laís L. de A. Nerys, 1 Silene C. Nascimento, 1 Gardênia C. G. Militão, 3 Regina C. B. Q. de Figueiredo, 4 Cláudio A. G. da Câmara, 2 and Teresinha Gonçalves Silva 1 ,* LINK: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4124710/Posts: 696 | From New York | Registered: Aug 2006
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